Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Averaged images of [11C]carfentanil and [11C]raclopride showing lowered MOR availability but unaltered D2R availability among obese patients.
- Figure 2.
Brain regions showing lowered MOR availability in morbidly obese patients versus healthy control subjects. The data are thresholded at p < 0.05, FDR corrected. The blue outline shows regions where the effect is significant at a more stringent statistical threshold (p < 0.01, FDR corrected).
- Figure 3.
Mean [11C]carfentanil and [11C]raclopride BPND in regions of interest. Note: MOR data show a main effect of group (obese < lean) with no interaction with ROI. *p < 0.05 in complementary contrast test.
- Figure 4.
Scatterplots illustrating the relationship between BMI and BPND in ventral striatum, dorsal caudate, and putamen.
- Figure 5.
Random-effects analysis for the effects of obesity on D2R availability in PET studies using [11C]raclopride. RE, Random effects.
Tables
Obese subjects (n = 13) Nonobese subjects (n = 14) p value* Mean SD Mean SD Age (years) 39.08 10.74 44.86 12.88 0.22 Weight (kg) 116.82 16.60 61.39 7.19 <0.001 Height (cm) 166.27 6.94 164.86 6.32 0.59 BMI (kg/m2) 41.89 3.88 22.65 2.94 <0.001 Fat (%) 50.44 4.06 30.21 10.17 <0.001 Subcutaneous fat mass (kg) 17.50 3.53 4.16 1.28 <0.001 Visceral fat mass (kg) 3.60 2.18 0.78 0.44 <0.001 HbA1c (%) 5.52 0.39 5.60 0.30 0.50 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 129.64 12.72 129.54 13.75 0.99 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 83.27 8.81 80.23 8.25 0.40 Amount of alcohol use (drinks/week) 1.50 1.35 2.75 2.09 0.10 Tobacco smokers/nonsmokers (N) 5/13 0/14 <0.001 Injected activity of [11C]raclopride (MBq) 243.84 27.83 257.78 18.51 0.14 Injected activity of [11C]carfentanil (MBq) 251.00 10.38 250.14 9.23 0.82 HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin A1c.
↵*Between-groups differences; significant differences in two-sample t test are shown in bold.
Obese subjects (n = 13) Nonobese subjects (n = 14) p value* Mean SD Mean SD BDI-II 5.92 5.77 4.36 4.11 0.43 STAI 38.77 9.14 34.07 5.47 0.12 BIS 13.46 3.18 16.64 2.79 0.01 BAS Drive 9.92 4.27 8.71 2.55 0.39 Fun seeking 11.08 3.09 10.57 2.44 0.64 Reward responsiveness 10.00 3.63 10.50 1.83 0.66 FCQ State 30.92 10.32 26.71 6.28 0.22 Trait 104.31 35.34 86.21 25.61 0.14 DEBQ Restrained eating 33.54 5.66 26.00 6.18 0.003 Emotional eating 31.00 11.31 22.07 6.33 0.02 External eating 26.31 6.73 25.36 5.76 0.70 YFAS 18.00 11.00 7.86 5.95 0.009 ↵*Between-groups differences; significant differences in two-sample t test are shown in bold.
