This composite illustration shows oligodendrocytes (labeled with antibodies against myelin basic protein, white), which were induced to differentiate in culture by treatment with an antibody against the membrane protein LINGO-1. This image is superimposed on an image of a demyelinated brain lesion from autopsy tissue of a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient, which shows myelin (myelin basic protein, pink), axons (neurofilament, red), and LINGO-1 (green). LINGO-1 is upregulated in MS lesions, and blocking LINGO-1 function promotes remyelination in animal models of MS. For more information about the LINGO-1 signaling pathway, see the article by Shao et al. (pages 3127–3137).