Figure 6. Top, Event-related time courses for six components during SuccStop (green lines) and UnsuccStop (red lines) across two SSRT groups of individuals (continuous line, fast SSRT; dotted line, slow SSRT). Bottom left, Additional set of analyses demonstrating the activity exclusively in bilateral MOG, as observed during SuccStop > UnsuccStop (Figs. 3, 4). Left, Unilateral activity in medial occipital areas increases in response to arrow orientation to the contralateral side, indicating that the involvement of MOG might be implicated in stimulus response. Right, No activation differences in MOG due to perceptual processing in stimulus differences (e.g., red vs black arrow, UnsuccStop > Go or Go > UnsuccStop). Center, Bilateral activations during correctly performed trials vs error/baseline trials, independent of stimulus lateralization (i.e., SuccStop Left > UnsuccStop Left). Right bottom, Additional set of analyses demonstrating the behavioral relevance of regional activity during SuccStop > Go in terms of predicting individual variability in response inhibition, SSRT (identical to Model 1 in Fig. 5). The correlation between regional activity of the 19 ICs responsive to SuccStop > Go contrast and SSRT was significant (r = −0.270, p = 0.005), of which only 4 ICs contributed significantly. Namely, higher activation in right MiFG and left MOG during SuccStop vs Go trials was associated with faster SSRTs. In addition, lower activation in left PoCG and Pre-CG during SuccStop vs Go was associated with faster SSRTs. Moderation analysis revealed that the association between regional activity and performance remained (r = 0.117, p < 0.001) beyond the effects of aging (r = 0.144, p < 0.001), which did not vary across the life span (i.e., insignificant moderation effect, p = 0.24). Furthermore, the test results using context-dependent connectivity among all 19 ICs to predict SSRTs in multiple linear regression (equivalent to Model 3 in Fig. 5) was insignificant, indicating that the contrast SuccStop vs Go trials might be a less sensitive brain-wide connectivity modulation with behavioral relevance to inhibition control.