Figure 1. RARα mediates regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission by RA. A, Example traces of mEPSCs recorded from postcritical period (P35–P40) vehicle-treated and RA-treated V1m L2/3 PNs. Calibration: 20 pA, 0.5 s. B, Cumulative plot of mEPSC interevent interval and quantification of mEPSC frequencies in PNs of control and RA groups. C, Cumulative plot and quantification of mEPSC amplitudes in PNs treated with vehicle or RA. D, Example traces of mIPSCs from control and RA-treated V1m L2/3 PNs. Calibration: 50 pA, 0.5 s. E, F, Quantification of mIPSC frequencies and amplitudes. **p < 0.01 (Student's t test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). ***p < 0.001 (Student's t test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). G, Quantification of mEPSC frequencies and amplitudes recorded from critical period (P20–P30) V1m L2/3 PNs neurons treated with vehicle or RA. H, Quantification of mIPSC frequencies and amplitudes in critical period PNs from vehicle or RA groups. *p < 0.05 (Student's t test). I, An example image of an acute brain slice taken from a mouse injected with Cre-GFP-expressing AAVs in V1. Scale bar, 500 μm. J, K, Quantification of mIPSC frequencies and amplitudes recorded from mice in the postcritical period injected by AAV-Syn-Cre or AAV-Syn-mCre treated with either vehicle or RA. *p < 0.05 (two-way ANOVA and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). **p < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). ***p < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test).