Article Information
- Received December 1, 2017
- Revision received December 3, 2018
- Accepted December 11, 2018
- First published January 14, 2019.
- Version of record published March 6, 2019.
Author Information
- Catherine Orr1,2,
- Philip Spechler1,
- Zhipeng Cao3,4,
- Matthew Albaugh1,
- Bader Chaarani1,
- Scott Mackey1,
- Deepak D'Souza5,
- Nicholas Allgaier1,
- Tobias Banaschewski6,
- Arun L.W. Bokde7,
- Uli Bromberg8,
- Christian Büchel8,
- Erin Burke Quinlan9,
- Patricia Conrod10,11,12,
- Sylvane Desrivières9,
- Herta Flor13,14,
- Vincent Frouin15,
- Penny Gowland16,
- Andreas Heinz17,
- Bernd Ittermann18,
- Jean-Luc Martinot19,
- Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot20,
- Frauke Nees6,13,
- Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos15,
- Tomáš Paus21,
- Luise Poustka22,23,
- Sabina Millenet6,
- Juliane H. Fröhner24,
- Rajiv Radhakrishnan5,
- Michael N. Smolka24,
- Henrik Walter17,
- Robert Whelan3,4,
- Gunter Schumann9,
- Alexandra Potter1, and
- Hugh Garavan1
- 1Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405,
- 2 Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia,
- 3Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland,
- 4Department of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
- 5Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut 06516,
- 6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany,
- 7Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
- 8University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany,
- 9Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, WC2R 2LS United Kingdom,
- 10Centre de recherche du CHU Ste-Justine and
- 11Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada,
- 12National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, Addiction Sciences Building, London SE5 8BB, United Kingdom,
- 13Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany,
- 14Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany,
- 15NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France,
- 16Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD United Kingdom,
- 17Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany,
- 18Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany, Berlin, 10587 Germany,
- 19Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud-University Paris Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France,
- 20Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, and AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France,
- 21Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada,
- 22Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany,
- 23Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria, and
- 24Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069 Germany
Author contributions
Author contributions: C.O. wrote the first draft of the paper; C.O., P.S., Z.C., M.A., B.C., S. Mackey, D.D., N.A., T.B., A.L.W.B., U.B., C.B., E.B.Q., P.C., S.D., H.F., V.F., P.G., A.H., B.I., J.-L.M., M.-L.P.M., F.N., D.P.O., T.P., L.P., R.R., S. Millenet, J.H.F., M.N.S., H.W., R.W., G.S., A.P., and H.G. edited the paper; T.B., A.L.W.B., U.B., C.B., E.B.Q., P.C., S.D., H.F., V.F., P.G., A.H., B.I., J.-L.M., M.-L.P.M., F.N., D.P.O., T.P., L.P., S. Millenet, J.F., M.N.S., H.W., R.W., G.S., and H.G. designed research; C.O., D.D., T.B., A.L.W.B., U.B., C.B., E.B.Q., P.C., S.D., H.F., V.F., P.G., A.H., B.I., J.-L.M., M.-L.P.M., F.N., D.P.O., T.P., L.P., S. Millenet, J.F., M.N.S., H.W., R.W., G.S., and H.G. performed research; C.O., P.S., Z.C., M.A., B.C., S. Mackey, D.D., N.A., R.R., and R.W. analyzed data; C.O. and H.G. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
- Received December 1, 2017.
- Revision received December 3, 2018.
- Accepted December 11, 2018.
This work received support from the following sources: the European Union-funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN (Reinforcement-related behavior in normal brain function and psychopathology; LSHM-CT-2007-037286), the Horizon 2020 funded ERC Advanced Grant “STRATIFY” (Brain network based stratification of reinforcement-related disorders; 695313), ERANID (Understanding the Interplay between Cultural, Biological and Subjective Factors in Drug Use Pathways; PR-ST-0416-10004), BRIDGET (JPND: BRain Imaging, cognition Dementia and next generation GEnomics; MR/N027558/1), the FP7 projects IMAGEMEND(602450; IMAging GEnetics for MENtal Disorders) and MATRICS (603016), the Innovative Medicine Initiative Project EU-AIMS (115300-2), the Medical Research Council Grant “c-VEDA” (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions; MR/N000390/1), the Swedish Research Council FORMAS, the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, the Bundesministeriumfür Bildung und Forschung (BMBF Grants 01GS08152; 01EV0711; eMED SysAlc01ZX1311A; Forschungsnetz AERIAL), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Grants SM 80/7-1, SM 80/7-2, SFB 940/1), and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DPA20140629802), the Fondation de l'Avenir. Further support was provided by Grants from: ANR (project AF12-NEUR0008-01-WM2NA, and ANR-12-SAMA-0004), the Fondation de France, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, the Mission Interministérielle de Lutte-contre-les-Drogues-et-les-Conduites-Addictives, the Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux-de-Paris and INSERM (interface Grant), Paris Sud University IDEX 2012; the National Institutes of Health, Science Foundation Ireland (16/ERCD/3797), (Axon, Testosterone, and Mental Health during Adolescence; RO1 MH085772-01A1), and by NIH Consortium Grant U54 EB020403, supported by a cross-NIH alliance that funds Big Data to Knowledge Centers of Excellence. R.R. is supported by Dana Foundation David Mahoney program and CTSA Grant Number UL1 TR001863 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science, components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH roadmap for Medical Research, and C.O. received support Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, Swinburne University of Technology to attend the FHAD writing retreat.
Dr. Banaschewski served in an advisory or consultancy role for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice, Novartis, and Shire; received conference support or speaker's fee by Lilly, Medice, Novartis, and Shire; has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire and Viforpharma; and received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, and Oxford University Press. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships.
The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests.
- Correspondence should be addressed to Catherine Orr at corr{at}swin.edu.au
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