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Viewpoints

Activity Shapes Neural Circuit Form and Function: A Historical Perspective

Yuan Pan and Michelle Monje
Journal of Neuroscience 29 January 2020, 40 (5) 944-954; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0740-19.2019
Yuan Pan
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Michelle Monje
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Abstract

The brilliant and often prescient hypotheses of Ramon y Cajal have proven foundational for modern neuroscience, but his statement that “In adult centers the nerve paths are something fixed, ended, immutable … ” is an exception that did not stand the test of empirical study. Mechanisms of cellular and circuit-level plasticity continue to shape and reshape many regions of the adult nervous system long after the neurodevelopmental period. Initially focused on neurons alone, the field has followed a meteoric trajectory in understanding of activity-regulated neurodevelopment and ongoing neuroplasticity with an arc toward appreciating neuron–glial interactions and the role that each neural cell type plays in shaping adaptable neural circuity. In this review, as part of a celebration of the 50th anniversary of Society for Neuroscience, we provide a historical perspective, following this arc of inquiry from neuronal to neuron–glial mechanisms by which activity and experience modulate circuit structure and function. The scope of this consideration is broad, and it will not be possible to cover the wealth of knowledge about all aspects of activity-dependent circuit development and plasticity in depth.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 40 (5)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 40, Issue 5
29 Jan 2020
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Activity Shapes Neural Circuit Form and Function: A Historical Perspective
Yuan Pan, Michelle Monje
Journal of Neuroscience 29 January 2020, 40 (5) 944-954; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0740-19.2019

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Activity Shapes Neural Circuit Form and Function: A Historical Perspective
Yuan Pan, Michelle Monje
Journal of Neuroscience 29 January 2020, 40 (5) 944-954; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0740-19.2019
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