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Research Articles, Development/Plasticity/Repair

Revisiting the Neural Architecture of Adolescent Decision-Making: Univariate and Multivariate Evidence for System-Based Models

João F. Guassi Moreira, Adriana S. Méndez Leal, Yael H. Waizman, Natalie Saragosa-Harris, Emilia Ninova and Jennifer A. Silvers
Journal of Neuroscience 14 July 2021, 41 (28) 6006-6017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3182-20.2021
João F. Guassi Moreira
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563
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Adriana S. Méndez Leal
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563
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Yael H. Waizman
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563
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Natalie Saragosa-Harris
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563
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Emilia Ninova
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563
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Jennifer A. Silvers
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563
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Abstract

Understanding adolescent decision-making is significant for informing basic models of neurodevelopment as well as for the domains of public health and criminal justice. System-based theories posit that adolescent decision-making is guided by activity related to reward and control processes. While successful at explaining behavior, system-based theories have received inconsistent support at the neural level, perhaps because of methodological limitations. Here, we used two complementary approaches to overcome said limitations and rigorously evaluate system-based models. Using decision-level modeling of fMRI data from a risk-taking task in a sample of 2000+ decisions across 51 human adolescents (25 females, mean age = 15.00 years), we find support for system-based theories of decision-making. Neural activity in lateral PFC and a multivariate pattern of cognitive control both predicted a reduced likelihood of risk-taking, whereas increased activity in the NAcc predicted a greater likelihood of risk-taking. Interactions between decision-level brain activity and age were not observed. These results garner support for system-based accounts of adolescent decision-making behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adolescent decision-making behavior is of great import for basic science, and carries equally consequential implications for public health and criminal justice. While dominant psychological theories seeking to explain adolescent decision-making have found empirical support, their neuroscientific implementations have received inconsistent support. This may be partly because of statistical approaches used by prior neuroimaging studies of system-based theories. We used brain modeling, an approach that predicts behavior from brain activity, of univariate and multivariate neural activity metrics to better understand how neural components of psychological systems guide decision behavior in adolescents. We found broad support for system-based theories such that neural systems involved in cognitive control predicted a reduced likelihood to make risky decisions, whereas value-based systems predicted greater risk-taking propensity.

  • adolescence
  • risk-taking
  • neurodevelopment
  • brain modeling
  • fMRI

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 41 (28)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 41, Issue 28
14 Jul 2021
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Revisiting the Neural Architecture of Adolescent Decision-Making: Univariate and Multivariate Evidence for System-Based Models
João F. Guassi Moreira, Adriana S. Méndez Leal, Yael H. Waizman, Natalie Saragosa-Harris, Emilia Ninova, Jennifer A. Silvers
Journal of Neuroscience 14 July 2021, 41 (28) 6006-6017; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3182-20.2021

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Revisiting the Neural Architecture of Adolescent Decision-Making: Univariate and Multivariate Evidence for System-Based Models
João F. Guassi Moreira, Adriana S. Méndez Leal, Yael H. Waizman, Natalie Saragosa-Harris, Emilia Ninova, Jennifer A. Silvers
Journal of Neuroscience 14 July 2021, 41 (28) 6006-6017; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3182-20.2021
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Keywords

  • adolescence
  • risk-taking
  • neurodevelopment
  • brain modeling
  • fMRI

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