Selective Enhancement of Post-Sleep Visual Motion Perception by Repetitive Tactile Stimulation during Sleep

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¹Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands
²Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
³Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
⁴Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VU, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081HZ, The Netherlands

Y. Onuki's present address: Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.

Author contributions: Y.O., E.J.W.V.S., and Y.D.V.d.W. designed the experiments; Y.O. O.L.-K., and B.S. collected the data; Y.O., O.L.-K., and B.S. analyzed the data and performed sleep scoring; Y.O., E.J.W.V.S., and Y.D.V.d.W. wrote the manuscript.

Y. Onuki's present address: Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.

This work was supported by the Programmes for Excellence “Brain & Cognition: an Integrated Approach”, 433-09-245. We thank Joris Coppens for building the MR compatible tactile stimulus delivery device, Mike X. Cohen for advices on EEG analysis, Jennifer R. Ramautar and Germán Gómez-Herrero for technical assistance in the sleep experiments, Verena Sommer for technical assistance in the preliminary experiments, Chris I. de Zeeuw, Ryo Kitada, and Astrid M.L Kappers for the helpful comments on the results.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Correspondence should be addressed to Ysbrand D. Van der Werf at yd.vanderwerf{at}amsterdamumc.nl or Yoshiyuki Onuki at y.onuki{at}jichi.ac.jp