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Research Articles, Systems/Circuits

Effects of Light Isoflurane Anesthesia on Organization of Direction and Orientation Selectivity in the Superficial Layer of the Mouse Superior Colliculus

Masatoshi Kasai and Tadashi Isa
Journal of Neuroscience 26 January 2022, 42 (4) 619-630; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1196-21.2021
Masatoshi Kasai
1Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Tadashi Isa
1Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
2Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
3Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Abstract

The superior colliculus (SC) is the midbrain center for integrating visual and multimodal sensory information. Neurons in the SC exhibit direction and orientation selectivity. Recent studies reported that neurons with similar preferences formed clusters in the mouse SC (Ahmadlou and Heimel, 2015; Feinberg and Meister, 2015; de Malmazet et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020). However, it remains controversial as to how these clusters are organized within the SC (Inayat et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2021). Here, we found that different brain states (i.e., awake or anesthetized with isoflurane) changed the selectivity of individual SC neurons and organizations of the neuronal population in both male and female mice. Using two-photon Ca2+ imaging, we examined both individual neuronal responses and the spatial patterns of their population responses. Under isoflurane anesthesia, orientation selectivity increased and a larger number of orientation-selective cells were observed when compared with the awake condition, whereas the proportions of direction-selective cells were similar in both conditions. Furthermore, direction- and orientation-selective cells located at closer positions showed more similar preferences, and cluster-like spatial patterns were enhanced. Inhibitory responses of direction-selective neurons were also reduced under isoflurane anesthesia. Thus, the changes in the spatial organization of response patterns were considered to be because of changes in the balance of excitation and inhibition, with excitation dominance, in the local circuits. These results provide new insights into the possibility that the functional organization of feature selectivity in the brain is affected by brain state.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent large-scale recording studies are changing our view of visual maps in the superior colliculus (SC), including findings of cluster-like localizations of direction- and orientation-selective neurons. However, results from several laboratories are conflicting regarding the presence of cluster-like organization. Here, we demonstrated that light isoflurane anesthesia affected the direction- and orientation-tuning properties in the mouse superficial SC and that their cluster-like localization pattern was enhanced by the anesthesia. Furthermore, the effect of anesthesia on direction selectivity appeared to be different in the excitatory and inhibitory populations in the SC. Our results suggest that the functional organization of direction and orientation selectivity might be regulated by the excitation–inhibition balance that depends on the brain state.

  • direction selectivity
  • functional architecture
  • isoflurane
  • orientation selectivity
  • superior colliculus
  • two-photon imaging

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 42 (4)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 42, Issue 4
26 Jan 2022
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Effects of Light Isoflurane Anesthesia on Organization of Direction and Orientation Selectivity in the Superficial Layer of the Mouse Superior Colliculus
Masatoshi Kasai, Tadashi Isa
Journal of Neuroscience 26 January 2022, 42 (4) 619-630; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1196-21.2021

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Effects of Light Isoflurane Anesthesia on Organization of Direction and Orientation Selectivity in the Superficial Layer of the Mouse Superior Colliculus
Masatoshi Kasai, Tadashi Isa
Journal of Neuroscience 26 January 2022, 42 (4) 619-630; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1196-21.2021
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Keywords

  • direction selectivity
  • functional architecture
  • isoflurane
  • orientation selectivity
  • superior colliculus
  • two-photon imaging

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