Representative inverted contrast and immunofluorescent staining of IBA1 and NLRP3 in primary cultured microglia co-cultured with naïve neurons (CM), primary cultured microglia co-cultured with needle scratched neurons (NCAM), or primary cultured microglia co-cultured with naïve neurons (CM) and treated with HMGB1 (100 ng/mL), or LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 hrs. For more information, see the article by Liu et al. (pages 319–332). Cover image: Dr. Yadan Li.