Cumulative Effects of Resting-State Connectivity Across All Brain Networks Significantly Correlate with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org), held in the NIMH Data Archive (NDA). This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit >10,000 children aged 9–10 and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health and additional federal partners under award numbers U01DA041048, U01DA050989, U01DA051016, U01DA041022, U01DA051018, U01DA051037, U01DA050987, U01DA041174, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041028, U01DA041134, U01DA050988, U01DA051039, U01DA041156, U01DA041025, U01DA041120, U01DA051038, U01DA041148, U01DA041093, U01DA041089, U24DA041123, and U24DA041147. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/consortium_members/. The ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in the analysis or writing of this report. This manuscript reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators. The ABCD data repository grows and changes over time. The ABCD data used in this report came from the ABCD 2.0.1 data release (http://dx.doi.org/10.15154/1504041). This work was supported by funding from the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01MH115357 (D.A.F. and J.T.N.), R37MH059105 (J.T.N.), R01MH131685 (M.A.M. and J.T.N.), U01DA041148 (D.A.F., B.J.N., and S.W.F.E.), and U24DA041123 (D.A.F.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The creation of genetic scores benefited from the collaboration of the OHSU Integrated Genomics Core (Chris Harrington, Ph.D., director) and Kristina Vartanian. Large-scale image processing across the data set greatly benefited from collaboration with the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain Informatics Group (MIDB-IG, Thomas Pengo, Ben Lynch, Timothy Hendrickson, James Wilgenbusch). An earlier version of this paper was posted on the medRxiv preprint server (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.16.21266121).

D.A.F. is a patent holder on the Framewise Integrated Real-Time Motion Monitoring software. He is also a cofounder of Nous Imaging. The nature of this financial interest and the design of the study have been reviewed by two committees at the University of Minnesota. They have put in place a plan to help ensure that this research study is not affected by the financial interest. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.