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Research Articles, Neurobiology of Disease

Sequence Diversity and Encoded Enzymatic Differences of Monocistronic L1 ORF2 mRNA Variants in the Aged Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Brain

Juliet Nicodemus, Christine S. Liu, Linnea Ransom, Valerie Tan, William Romanow, Natalia Jimenez and Jerold Chun
Journal of Neuroscience 18 June 2025, 45 (25) e2298242025; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2298-24.2025
Juliet Nicodemus
1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
2School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
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  • ORCID record for Juliet Nicodemus
Christine S. Liu
1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Linnea Ransom
1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Valerie Tan
1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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William Romanow
1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Natalia Jimenez
1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Jerold Chun
1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Article Information

DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2298-24.2025
PubMed 
40368603
Published By 
Society for Neuroscience
History 
  • Received December 2, 2024
  • Revision received April 2, 2025
  • Accepted May 2, 2025
  • First published May 14, 2025.
  • Version of record published June 18, 2025.
Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2025 Nicodemus et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

Author Information

  1. Juliet Nicodemus1,2,
  2. Christine S. Liu1,
  3. Linnea Ransom1,
  4. Valerie Tan1,
  5. William Romanow1,
  6. Natalia Jimenez1, and
  7. Jerold Chun1
  1. 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
  2. 2School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
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Author contributions

  1. Author contributions: J.N., W.R., and J.C. designed research; J.N., L.R., V.T., W.R., and N.J. performed research; J.N. and C.S.L. analyzed data; J.N., C.S.L., and J.C. wrote the paper.

Disclosures

    • Received December 2, 2024.
    • Revision received April 2, 2025.
    • Accepted May 2, 2025.
  • Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Awards R01 AG065541 and NIH R01 AG071465 and by nonfederal funds from The Bruce Ford & Anne Smith Bundy Foundation and the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation (J.C.) and NIH T32 GM007198-42S1 and R01 AG065541-02/03S1 (J.N.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Brain specimens were obtained from Dalhousie, Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Emory University, NIH Neurobiobank (Sepulveda), Southwest Dementia Brain Bank, University of California San Diego ADRC, and Washington University. We also thank the donors and families who shared these precious brain materials. We thank Danielle Jones; Nicole Coufal, MD PhD; and Carter Palmer, PhD, for their discussions and input; Laura Wolszon, PhD, for her efforts to source and obtain human specimens; and Kang Liu, PhD, at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Genomics Core for the RIN analysis of brain samples.

  • J.C. has an employment relationship with Neurocrine Biosciences, a company that may potentially benefit from the research results. J.C.’s relationship with Neurocrine Biosciences has been reviewed and approved by Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute in accordance with its Conflict of Interest Policies.

  • This paper contains supplemental material available at: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2298-24.2025

  • Correspondence should be addressed to Jerold Chun at jchun{at}sbpdiscovery.org.

Funding

  • HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA)

    R01 AG065541; R01 AG071465; R01 AG065541-02/03S1
  • The Bruce Ford & Anne Smith Bundy Foundation

  • Larry L. Hillblom Foundation (LLHF)

  • HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)

    T32 GM007198-42S1

Other Version

  • previous version (May 14, 2025).
  • You are viewing the most recent version of this article.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 45 (25)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 45, Issue 25
18 Jun 2025
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Sequence Diversity and Encoded Enzymatic Differences of Monocistronic L1 ORF2 mRNA Variants in the Aged Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Juliet Nicodemus, Christine S. Liu, Linnea Ransom, Valerie Tan, William Romanow, Natalia Jimenez, Jerold Chun
Journal of Neuroscience 18 June 2025, 45 (25) e2298242025; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2298-24.2025

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Sequence Diversity and Encoded Enzymatic Differences of Monocistronic L1 ORF2 mRNA Variants in the Aged Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Juliet Nicodemus, Christine S. Liu, Linnea Ransom, Valerie Tan, William Romanow, Natalia Jimenez, Jerold Chun
Journal of Neuroscience 18 June 2025, 45 (25) e2298242025; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2298-24.2025
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Keywords

  • genomic mosaicism
  • LINE1
  • neurodegeneration
  • retrotransposons
  • reverse transcriptase
  • somatic genomic mosaicism

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