Article Information
- Received June 23, 2025
- Revision received August 22, 2025
- Accepted August 31, 2025
- First published September 15, 2025.
- Version of record published October 22, 2025.
Author Information
Author contributions
Author contributions: V.M.D., L.G.B., T.E.B., and J.A.K. designed research; V.M.D., L.G.B., A.T., and J.S. performed research; V.M.D., L.G.B., A.T., J.S., T.E.B., and J.A.K. analyzed data; V.M.D., L.G.B., T.E.B., and J.A.K. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
- Received June 23, 2025.
- Revision received August 22, 2025.
- Accepted August 31, 2025.
We thank Dr. Chelsie Brewer for her technical and scientific contributions and Caroline Casper, Junhong Li, and Annie Wolfden for their technical assistance. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 DA 011289 to J.A.K. and T.E.B., R01 DA 055645 to T.E.B., Stanford University Dean’s Award (V.M.D.), and Washington State University Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program (L.G.B.).
↵*V.M.D. and L.G.B contributed equally to this work.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
This paper contains supplemental material available at: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1233-25.2025
- Correspondence should be addressed to Julie A. Kauer at jkauer{at}stanford.edu.
Funding
HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
R01 DA 011289; R01 DA 055645
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