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History
- Received December 17, 2024
- Revision received September 13, 2025
- Accepted September 18, 2025
- First published September 26, 2025.
- Version of record published November 19, 2025.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2025 the authors SfN exclusive license.
Author Information
Author contributions
Author contributions: Y.Z. and T.T. designed research; Y.Z. and B.B. performed research; Y.Z. and B.B. analyzed data; Y.Z. and T.T. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
- Received December 17, 2024.
- Revision received September 13, 2025.
- Accepted September 18, 2025.
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant awards R01-DC019618 and R01-DC020923 (to T.T.).
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
- Correspondence should be addressed to Thanos Tzounopoulos at thanos{at}pitt.edu or Yanjun Zhao at yanjunz{at}pitt.edu.
Funding
HHS | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
DC019618; DC020923
Other Version
- previous version (September 26, 2025).
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