The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist guanfacine improves memory in aged monkeys without sedative or hypotensive side effects: evidence for alpha-2 receptor subtypes

AF Arnsten; JX Cai; PS Goldman-Rakic

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-11-04287.1988

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-11-04287.1988

PubMed

2903226

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

First published November 1, 1988.

Version of record published November 1, 1988.

Author Information

AF Arnsten,
JX Cai, and
PS Goldman-Rakic

Section of Neuroanatomy, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.

Author contributions

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jan 1999	1	0	0
Mar 1999	1	0	0
Dec 1999	1	0	0
Total 1999	3	0	0
Feb 2000	1	0	0
Mar 2000	1	0	0
Apr 2000	2	0	0
May 2000	1	0	0
Jun 2000	1	0	0
Sep 2000	2	0	0
Oct 2000	3	0	0
Nov 2000	2	0	0
Total 2000	13	0	0
Jan 2001	1	0	0
Feb 2001	1	0	0
Apr 2001	5	0	0
Oct 2001	1	0	0
Total 2001	8	0	0
Jan 2002	1	0	0
Feb 2002	1	0	0
Aug 2002	2	0	0
Sep 2002	4	0	0
Oct 2002	2	0	0
Nov 2002	1	0	0
Total 2002	11	0	0
Jan 2003	2	0	0
Feb 2003	2	0	0
Apr 2003	1	0	0
May 2003	2	0	0
Jun 2003	4	0	0
Jul 2003	21	0	0
Aug 2003	12	0	0
Sep 2003	13	0	0
Oct 2003	9	0	0
Nov 2003	12	0	0
Dec 2003	12	0	3
Total 2003	90	0	3
Jan 2004	15	0	14
Feb 2004	7	0	0
Mar 2004	12	0	2
Apr 2004	12	0	3
May 2004	9	0	9
Jun 2004	5	0	7
Jul 2004	6	0	7
Aug 2004	7	0	13
Sep 2004	4	0	2
Oct 2004	14	0	4
Nov 2004	12	0	13
Dec 2004	20	0	6
Total 2004	123	0	80
Jan 2005	25	0	6
Feb 2005	19	0	20
Mar 2005	41	0	10
Apr 2005	18	0	16
May 2005	16	0	5
Jun 2005	4	0	14
Jul 2005	8	0	4
Aug 2005	18	0	12
Sep 2005	18	0	19
Oct 2005	10	0	7
Nov 2005	12	0	10
Dec 2005	3	0	7
Total 2005	192	0	130
Jan 2006	16	0	3
Feb 2006	16	0	8
Mar 2006	33	0	3
Apr 2006	18	0	15
May 2006	15	0	13
Jun 2006	9	0	4
Jul 2006	14	0	12
Aug 2006	16	0	5
Sep 2006	22	0	17
Oct 2006	16	0	14
Nov 2006	19	0	9
Dec 2006	15	0	20
Total 2006	209	0	123
Jan 2007	22	0	21
Feb 2007	10	0	22
Mar 2007	29	0	26
Apr 2007	20	0	11
May 2007	13	0	18
Jun 2007	11	0	14
Jul 2007	12	0	18
Aug 2007	14	0	16
Sep 2007	10	0	15
Oct 2007	60	0	27
Nov 2007	31	0	14
Dec 2007	7	0	17
Total 2007	239	0	219
Jan 2008	19	0	19
Feb 2008	16	0	15
Mar 2008	23	0	15
Apr 2008	27	0	24
May 2008	69	0	26
Jun 2008	38	0	19
Jul 2008	35	0	10
Aug 2008	15	0	9
Sep 2008	28	0	23
Oct 2008	28	0	16
Nov 2008	28	0	14
Dec 2008	14	0	19
Total 2008	340	0	209
Jan 2009	33	0	17
Feb 2009	21	0	19
Mar 2009	18	0	16
Apr 2009	16	0	30
May 2009	14	0	15
Jun 2009	19	0	18
Jul 2009	16	0	23
Aug 2009	18	0	11
Sep 2009	44	0	21
Oct 2009	38	0	24
Nov 2009	33	0	30
Dec 2009	24	0	14
Total 2009	294	0	238
Jan 2010	10	0	23
Feb 2010	23	0	21
Mar 2010	38	0	34
Apr 2010	40	0	30
May 2010	32	0	79
Jun 2010	27	0	69
Jul 2010	20	0	48
Aug 2010	24	0	50
Sep 2010	27	0	35
Oct 2010	41	0	29
Nov 2010	40	0	41
Dec 2010	39	0	38
Total 2010	361	0	497
Jan 2011	57	0	42
Feb 2011	63	0	49
Mar 2011	50	0	49
Apr 2011	40	0	35
May 2011	49	0	33
Jun 2011	33	1	46
Jul 2011	196	0	67
Aug 2011	86	0	72
Sep 2011	54	6	70
Oct 2011	68	1	86
Nov 2011	71	0	90
Dec 2011	48	0	70
Total 2011	815	8	709
Jan 2012	36	0	58
Feb 2012	35	0	52
Mar 2012	46	0	43
Apr 2012	44	0	55
May 2012	57	0	69
Jun 2012	36	0	28
Jul 2012	40	0	52
Aug 2012	41	0	40
Sep 2012	20	0	61
Oct 2012	31	0	54
Nov 2012	48	0	45
Dec 2012	58	0	39
Total 2012	492	0	596
Jan 2013	37	0	49
Feb 2013	40	0	41
Mar 2013	42	0	46
Apr 2013	40	0	46
May 2013	29	0	42
Jun 2013	23	0	44
Jul 2013	14	0	25
Aug 2013	25	0	17
Sep 2013	44	0	21
Oct 2013	38	0	55
Nov 2013	30	0	51
Dec 2013	27	0	70
Total 2013	389	0	507
Jan 2014	24	0	56
Feb 2014	36	0	49
Mar 2014	34	0	58
Apr 2014	38	0	37
May 2014	48	0	33
Jun 2014	23	0	28
Jul 2014	29	0	41
Aug 2014	28	0	27
Sep 2014	31	0	70
Oct 2014	53	0	30
Nov 2014	57	1	52
Dec 2014	42	1	33
Total 2014	443	2	514
Jan 2015	18	0	26
Feb 2015	29	0	47
Mar 2015	29	0	47
Apr 2015	35	0	47
May 2015	41	0	66
Jun 2015	44	0	43
Jul 2015	40	0	40
Aug 2015	30	0	47
Sep 2015	35	0	66
Oct 2015	38	0	54
Nov 2015	52	0	47
Dec 2015	23	0	41
Total 2015	414	0	571
Jan 2016	33	0	59
Feb 2016	48	0	98
Mar 2016	87	1	67
Apr 2016	37	0	69
May 2016	28	0	48
Jun 2016	18	1	39
Jul 2016	25	1	70
Aug 2016	28	1	29
Sep 2016	29	1	22
Oct 2016	32	1	39
Nov 2016	27	0	35
Dec 2016	32	0	63
Total 2016	424	6	638
Jan 2017	18	0	40
Feb 2017	31	0	41
Mar 2017	49	0	41
Apr 2017	37	0	23
May 2017	46	0	28
Jun 2017	25	0	14
Jul 2017	60	0	28
Aug 2017	83	0	20
Sep 2017	16	0	15
Oct 2017	29	0	11
Nov 2017	26	0	48
Dec 2017	16	0	23
Total 2017	436	0	332
Jan 2018	22	0	14
Feb 2018	33	0	8
Mar 2018	26	0	8
Apr 2018	34	0	32
May 2018	39	0	13
Jun 2018	34	0	11
Jul 2018	36	0	12
Aug 2018	50	0	7
Sep 2018	54	0	13
Oct 2018	49	0	19
Nov 2018	50	0	14
Dec 2018	54	0	14
Total 2018	481	0	165
Jan 2019	40	0	13
Feb 2019	51	0	10
Mar 2019	46	0	16
Apr 2019	36	0	14
May 2019	29	0	20
Jun 2019	29	0	10
Jul 2019	31	0	21
Aug 2019	38	0	28
Sep 2019	20	0	10
Oct 2019	31	0	8
Nov 2019	38	0	17
Dec 2019	24	0	4
Total 2019	413	0	171
Jan 2020	36	0	9
Feb 2020	31	0	7
Mar 2020	31	0	17
Apr 2020	12	0	17
May 2020	14	0	15
Jun 2020	13	0	5
Jul 2020	16	0	5
Aug 2020	20	0	7
Sep 2020	25	0	18
Oct 2020	24	0	22
Nov 2020	27	0	15
Dec 2020	59	0	8
Total 2020	308	0	145
Jan 2021	58	0	22
Feb 2021	46	0	14
Mar 2021	59	0	34
Apr 2021	45	0	20
May 2021	57	0	23
Jun 2021	268	0	22
Jul 2021	49	0	10
Aug 2021	39	0	20
Sep 2021	39	0	14
Oct 2021	35	0	36
Nov 2021	38	0	35
Dec 2021	51	0	26
Total 2021	784	0	276
Jan 2022	50	0	26
Feb 2022	39	0	31
Mar 2022	54	0	24
Apr 2022	57	0	13
May 2022	34	0	23
Jun 2022	27	0	8
Total 2022	261	0	125
Total	7543	16	6248