@article {Tully68, author = {T Tully and V Cambiazo and L Kruse}, title = {Memory through metamorphosis in normal and mutant Drosophila}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {68--74}, year = {1994}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-01-00068.1994}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, abstract = {To establish that a stable, long-lasting form of memory exists in Drosophila, we trained third-instar larvae by electroshocking them in the presence of a specific odor using a Pavlovian conditioning procedure. We show that conditioned odor avoidance produced in larvae still was present in adults 8 d later. Such memory through metamorphosis was specific to the temporal pairing of odor and shock; presentations of odors alone or shock alone did not produce a change. Thus, the memory involved associative processes. We also show that similar training of the single-gene memory mutants dunce and amnesiac did not yield any detectable learning in larvae or memory retention in adults, suggesting that these mutations interfere with long-term memory (LTM) formation even if LTM is induced independently of earlier memory retention processes.}, issn = {0270-6474}, URL = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/14/1/68}, eprint = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/14/1/68.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience} }