TY - JOUR T1 - The S cell: an interneuron essential for sensitization and full dishabituation of leech shortening JF - The Journal of Neuroscience JO - J. Neurosci. SP - 6715 LP - 6721 DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06715.1994 VL - 14 IS - 11 AU - CL Sahley AU - BK Modney AU - NM Boulis AU - KJ Muller Y1 - 1994/11/01 UR - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/14/11/6715.abstract N2 - Sensory neurons in the leech excite the S interneuron, which in turn excites motoneurons that shorten the leech, although activity in the S cell reportedly cannot by itself shorten the animal. Experiments were performed in semi-intact leeches using established dishabituation and sensitization protocols. S-cell activity increased during reflexive shortening once the animal was sensitized or dishabituated with a strong shock. S-cell activity otherwise was not associated with shortening. To test the role of the S-cell in dishabituation and sensitization of the shortening reflex, single S cells were ablated in vivo by intracellular injections of pronase. S-cell lesions reduced but did not eliminate dishabituation; however, sensitization was completely disrupted. This was consistent with recent evidence that separate processes contribute to dishabituation and sensitization. Since the S cell in each ganglion is a link in a rapidly conducting chain along the length of the animal, it may be sufficient to break the chain at a single point to eliminate sensitization. ER -