PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hao, Haiping
AU  - Glossop, Nick R. J.
AU  - Lyons, Lisa
AU  - Qiu, Jan
AU  - Morrish, Bronwyn
AU  - Cheng, Yuzhong
AU  - Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte
AU  - Hardin, Paul
TI  - The 69 bp Circadian Regulatory Sequence (CRS) Mediates<em>per</em>-Like Developmental, Spatial, and Circadian Expression and Behavioral Rescue in <em>Drosophila</em>
AID  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-03-00987.1999
DP  - 1999 Feb 01
TA  - The Journal of Neuroscience
PG  - 987--994
VI  - 19
IP  - 3
4099  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/19/3/987.short
4100  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/19/3/987.full
SO  - J. Neurosci.1999 Feb 01; 19
AB  - The period (per) gene is an essential component of the circadian timekeeping mechanism inDrosophila. This gene is expressed in a circadian manner, giving rise to a protein that feeds-back to regulate its own transcription. A 69 bp clock regulatory sequence (CRS) has been identified previously upstream of the period gene. The CRS confers wild-type mRNA cycling when used to drive alacZ reporter gene in transgenic flies. To determine whether the CRS also mediates proper developmental and spatial expression and behavioral rescue, we used the CRS to drive eitherlacZ or per in transgenic flies. The results show that the CRS is able to activate expression in pacemaker neuron precursors in larvae and essentially all tissues that normally express per in pupae and adults. The CRS is sufficient to rescue circadian feedback loop function and behavioral rhythms inper01 flies. However, the period of locomotor activity rhythms shortens if a stronger basal promoter is used. This study shows that regulatory elements sufficient for clock-dependent and tissue-specific per expression in larvae, pupae, and adults are present in the CRS and that the period of adult locomotor activity rhythms is dependent, in part, on the overall level of per transcripts.