PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Catherine M. Cowan
AU  - Jimmy Thai
AU  - Stanislaw Krajewski
AU  - John C. Reed
AU  - Donald W. Nicholson
AU  - Scott H. Kaufmann
AU  - A. Jane Roskams
TI  - Caspases 3 and 9 Send a Pro-Apoptotic Signal from Synapse to Cell Body in Olfactory Receptor Neurons
AID  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-18-07099.2001
DP  - 2001 Sep 15
TA  - The Journal of Neuroscience
PG  - 7099--7109
VI  - 21
IP  - 18
4099  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/18/7099.short
4100  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/18/7099.full
SO  - J. Neurosci.2001 Sep 15; 21
AB  - Caspase-9, an initiator caspase, and caspase-3, an effector caspase, have been suggested to mediate the terminal stages of neuronal apoptosis, but little is known about their activation in vivo. We examined temporal and spatial aspects of caspase-9 and -3 activation in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) undergoing apoptosis after target removal in vivo. After removal of the olfactory bulb, enhanced expression of procaspase-9 and -3 is observed in ORNs, followed by activation initially at the level of the lesion, then in axons, and only later in the ORN soma. We established the amyloid precursor-like protein-2 (APLP2) as a caspase substrate that is cleaved in an identical spatiotemporal pattern, suggesting its cleavage is the result of retrograde propagation of a pro-apoptotic signal in a caudorostral wave from the synapse through the axon to the ORN cell body. A null mutation in caspase-3 causes a change in axonal patterning indicative of an overall developmental expansion of the ORN population, and mature ORNs of caspase-3 knock-outs do not undergo caspase-dependent terminal dUTP nick end labeling-positive apoptosis after olfactory bulb removal. These results demonstrate that ORNs require caspase-3 activation to undergo normal developmental and mature target-deprived apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrate an axonal site of action for caspase-3 and -9 and show that regulation and activation of caspase-3 and -9 leading to apoptosis is a highly ordered process that occurs initially at the presynaptic level and only later at the cell body after deafferentation.