PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nichols, M. James
AU  - Newsome, William T.
TI  - Middle Temporal Visual Area Microstimulation Influences Veridical Judgments of Motion Direction
AID  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09530.2002
DP  - 2002 Nov 01
TA  - The Journal of Neuroscience
PG  - 9530--9540
VI  - 22
IP  - 21
4099  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/21/9530.short
4100  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/21/9530.full
SO  - J. Neurosci.2002 Nov 01; 22
AB  - Microstimulation of direction columns in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5) provides a powerful tool for probing the relationship between cortical physiology and visual motion perception. In the current study we obtained “veridical” reports of perceived motion from rhesus monkeys by permitting a continuous range of possible responses that mapped isomorphically onto a continuous range of possible motion directions. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, the animals were freed from experimenter-imposed “categories” that typify forced choice tasks. We report three new findings: (1) MT neurons with widely disparate preferred directions can cooperate to shape direction estimates, inconsistent with a pure “winner-take-all” read-out algorithm and consistent with a distributed coding scheme like vector averaging, whereas neurons with nearly opposite preferred directions seem to compete in a manner consistent with the winner-take-all hypothesis, (2) microstimulation can influence direction estimates even when paired with the most powerful motion stimuli available, and (3) microstimulation effects can be elicited when a manual response (instead of our standard oculomotor response) is used to communicate the perceptual report.