PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Heather A. Arnett
AU  - Ying Wang
AU  - Glenn K. Matsushima
AU  - Kinuko Suzuki
AU  - Jenny P.-Y. Ting
TI  - Functional Genomic Analysis of Remyelination Reveals Importance of Inflammation in Oligodendrocyte Regeneration
AID  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-30-09824.2003
DP  - 2003 Oct 29
TA  - The Journal of Neuroscience
PG  - 9824--9832
VI  - 23
IP  - 30
4099  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/30/9824.short
4100  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/30/9824.full
SO  - J. Neurosci.2003 Oct 29; 23
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a proinflammatory cytokine, was shown previously to promote remyelination and oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation in a murine model for demyelination and remyelination. We used Affymetrix microarrays in this study to identify (1) changes in gene expression that accompany demyelination versus remyelination and (2) changes in gene expression during the successful remyelination of wild-type mice versus the unsuccessful attempts in mice lacking TNFα. Alterations in inflammatory genes represented the most prominent changes, with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes dramatically enhanced in microglia and astrocytes during demyelination, remyelination, and as a consequence of TNFα stimulation. Studies to examine the roles of these genes in remyelination were then performed using mice lacking specific genes identified by the microarray. Analysis of MHC-II-null mice showed delayed remyelination and regeneration of oligodendrocytes, whereas removal of MHC-I had little effect. These data point to the induction of MHC-II by TNFα as an important regulatory event in remyelination and emphasize the active inflammatory response in regeneration after pathology in the brain.