RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Failure to Consolidate the Consolidation Theory of Learning for Sensorimotor Adaptation Tasks
JF The Journal of Neuroscience
JO J. Neurosci.
FD Society for Neuroscience
SP 8662
OP 8671
DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2214-04.2004
VO 24
IS 40
A1 Graham Caithness
A1 Rieko Osu
A1 Paul Bays
A1 Henry Chase
A1 Jessica Klassen
A1 Mitsuo Kawato
A1 Daniel M. Wolpert
A1 J. Randall Flanagan
YR 2004
UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/40/8662.abstract
AB An influential idea in human motor learning is that there is a consolidation period during which motor memories are transformed from a fragile to a permanent state, no longer susceptible to interference from new learning. The evidence supporting this idea comes from studies showing that the motor memory of a task (A) is lost when an opposing task (B) is experienced soon after, but not if sufficient time is allowed to pass (∼6 hr). We report results from three laboratories challenging this consolidation idea. We used an ABA paradigm in the context of a reaching task to assess the influence of experiencing B after A on the retention of A. In two experiments using visuomotor rotations, we found that B fully interferes with the retention of A even when B is experienced 24 hr after A. Contrary to previous reports, in four experiments on learning force fields, we also observed full interference between A and B when they are separated by 24 hr or even 1 week. This latter result holds for both position-dependent and velocity-dependent force fields. For both the visuomotor and force-field tasks, complete interference is still observed when the possible affects of anterograde interference are controlled through the use of washout trials. Our results fail to support the idea that motor memories become consolidated into a protected state. Rather, they are consistent with recent ideas of memory formation, which propose that memories can shift between active and inactive states.