RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Abstract State-Based Inference during Decision Making in Humans
JF The Journal of Neuroscience
JO J. Neurosci.
FD Society for Neuroscience
SP 8360
OP 8367
DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1010-06.2006
VO 26
IS 32
A1 Alan N. Hampton
A1 Peter Bossaerts
A1 John P. O’Doherty
YR 2006
UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/26/32/8360.abstract
AB Many real-life decision-making problems incorporate higher-order structure, involving interdependencies between different stimuli, actions, and subsequent rewards. It is not known whether brain regions implicated in decision making, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), use a stored model of the task structure to guide choice (model-based decision making) or merely learn action or state values without assuming higher-order structure as in standard reinforcement learning. To discriminate between these possibilities, we scanned human subjects with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed a simple decision-making task with higher-order structure, probabilistic reversal learning. We found that neural activity in a key decision-making region, the vmPFC, was more consistent with a computational model that exploits higher-order structure than with simple reinforcement learning. These results suggest that brain regions, such as the vmPFC, use an abstract model of task structure to guide behavioral choice, computations that may underlie the human capacity for complex social interactions and abstract strategizing.