RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 A Novel, Nongenomic Mechanism Underlies Retinoic Acid-Induced Growth Cone Turning
JF The Journal of Neuroscience
JO J. Neurosci.
FD Society for Neuroscience
SP 14136
OP 14142
DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2921-09.2009
VO 29
IS 45
A1 Farrar, Nathan R.
A1 Dmetrichuk, Jennifer M.
A1 Carlone, Robert L.
A1 Spencer, Gaynor E.
YR 2009
UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/45/14136.abstract
AB The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), is well known for its roles in neural development and regeneration. We have previously shown that RA can induce positive growth cone turning in regenerating neurons in vitro. In this study, we address the subcellular mechanisms underlying this chemo-attractive response, using identified central neurons from the adult mollusc, Lymnaea stagnalis. We show that the RA-induced positive growth cone turning was maintained in the presence of the transcriptional inhibitor, actinomycin D. We also physically transected the neurites from the cell body and showed that isolated growth cones retain the capacity to turn toward a gradient of RA. Moreover, this attractive turning is dependent on de novo local protein synthesis and Ca2+ influx. Most of RA's actions during neurite outgrowth and regeneration require gene transcription, although these data show for the first time in any species, that the chemotropic action of RA in guiding neurite outgrowth, involves a novel, nongenomic mechanism.