TY - JOUR T1 - A Specific Class of Interneuron Mediates Inhibitory Plasticity in the Lateral Amygdala JF - The Journal of Neuroscience JO - J. Neurosci. SP - 14619 LP - 14629 DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3252-10.2010 VL - 30 IS - 44 AU - Jai S. Polepalli AU - Robert K. P. Sullivan AU - Yuchio Yanagawa AU - Pankaj Sah Y1 - 2010/11/03 UR - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/44/14619.abstract N2 - The lateral amygdala (LA) plays a key role in emotional learning and is the main site for sensory input into the amygdala. Within the LA, pyramidal neurons comprise the major cell population with plasticity of inputs to these neurons thought to underlie fear learning. Pyramidal neuron activity is tightly controlled by local interneurons, and GABAergic modulation strongly influences amygdala-dependent learning. Synaptic inputs to some interneurons in the LA can also undergo synaptic plasticity, but the identity of these cells and the mechanisms that underlie this plasticity are not known. Here we show that long-term potentiation (LTP) in LA interneurons is restricted to a specific type of interneuron that is defined by the lack of expression of synaptic NR2B subunits. We find that LTP is only present at cortical inputs to these cells and is initiated by calcium influx via calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. LTP is maintained by trafficking of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors that require an interaction with SAP97 and the actin cytoskeleton. Our results define a novel population of interneurons in the LA that control principal neuron excitability by feed-forward inhibition of cortical origin. This selective enhanced inhibition may contribute to reducing the activity of principal neurons engaged during extinction of conditioned fear. ER -