RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Fast Hemodynamic Responses in the Visual Cortex of the Awake Mouse
JF The Journal of Neuroscience
JO J. Neurosci.
FD Society for Neuroscience
SP 18343
OP 18351
DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2130-13.2013
VO 33
IS 46
A1 M. Andrea Pisauro
A1 Neel T. Dhruv
A1 Matteo Carandini
A1 Andrea Benucci
YR 2013
UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/46/18343.abstract
AB Hemodynamic responses in mice and other species are typically measured under anesthesia. However, anesthesia could influence their relationship to neural activity. To investigate this relationship, we used optical imaging in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Hemodynamic responses yielded clear maps of retinotopy in both anesthetized and awake mice. However, during wakefulness, responses were four times larger and twice as fast. These differences held whether we induced anesthesia with urethane or isoflurane and whether awake mice were stationary or running on a treadmill. With electrode recordings, we established that the effects of wakefulness reflect changes in neurovascular coupling, not in neural activity. By activating V1 directly via optogenetics, we replicated the effects of wakefulness in terms of timing but not of amplitude. We conclude that neurovascular coupling depends critically on anesthesia and wakefulness: during wakefulness, neural activity is followed by much stronger and quicker hemodynamic responses.