PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kenealy, Brian P.
AU  - Kapoor, Amita
AU  - Guerriero, Kathryn A.
AU  - Keen, Kim L.
AU  - Garcia, James P.
AU  - Kurian, Joseph R.
AU  - Ziegler, Toni E.
AU  - Terasawa, Ei
TI  - Neuroestradiol in the Hypothalamus Contributes to the Regulation of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Release
AID  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3878-13.2013
DP  - 2013 Dec 04
TA  - The Journal of Neuroscience
PG  - 19051--19059
VI  - 33
IP  - 49
4099  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/49/19051.short
4100  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/49/19051.full
SO  - J. Neurosci.2013 Dec 04; 33
AB  - Release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH)/median eminence region (S-ME) is essential for normal reproductive function. GnRH release is profoundly regulated by the negative and positive feedback effects of ovarian estradiol (E2). Here we report that neuroestradiol, released in the S-ME, also directly influences GnRH release in ovariectomized female monkeys, in which the ovarian source of E2 is removed. We found that (1) brief infusion of E2 benzoate (EB) to the S-ME rapidly stimulated release of GnRH and E2 in the S-ME of ovariectomized monkeys, (2) electrical stimulation of the MBH resulted in GnRH release as well as E2 release, and (3) direct infusion of an aromatase inhibitor to the S-ME suppressed spontaneous GnRH release as well as the EB-induced release of GnRH and E2. These findings reveal the importance of neuroestradiol as a neurotransmitter in regulation of GnRH release. How circulating ovarian E2 interacts with hypothalamic neuroestrogens in the control of GnRH release remains to be investigated.