TY - JOUR T1 - Perinatal fentanyl exposure leads to long-lasting impairments in somatosensory circuit function and behavior JF - The Journal of Neuroscience JO - J. Neurosci. DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2470-20.2020 SP - JN-RM-2470-20 AU - Jason B. Alipio AU - Catherine Haga AU - Megan E. Fox AU - Keiko Arakawa AU - Rakshita Balaji AU - Nathan Cramer AU - Mary Kay Lobo AU - Asaf Keller Y1 - 2021/01/19 UR - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2021/01/14/JNEUROSCI.2470-20.2020.abstract N2 - One consequence of the opioid epidemic are lasting neurodevelopmental sequelae afflicting adolescents exposed to opioids in the womb. A translationally relevant and developmentally accurate preclinical model is needed to understand the behavioral, circuit, network, and molecular abnormalities resulting from this exposure. By employing a novel preclinical model of perinatal fentanyl exposure, our data reveal that fentanyl has several dose-dependent, developmental consequences to somatosensory function and behavior. Newborn male and female mice exhibit signs of withdrawal and sensory-related deficits that extend at least to adolescence. As fentanyl exposure does not affect dams’ health or maternal behavior, these effects result from the direct actions of perinatal fentanyl on the pups’ developing brain. At adolescence, exposed mice exhibit reduced adaptation to sensory stimuli, and a corresponding impairment in primary somatosensory (S1) function. In vitro electrophysiology demonstrates a long-lasting reduction in S1 synaptic excitation, evidenced by decreases in release probability, NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents, and frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, as well as increased frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In contrast, anterior cingulate cortical neurons exhibit an opposite phenotype, with increased synaptic excitation. Consistent with these changes, electrocorticograms reveal suppressed ketamine-evoked γ oscillations. Morphological analysis of S1 pyramidal neurons indicate reduced dendritic complexity, dendritic length, and soma size. Further, exposed mice exhibited abnormal cortical mRNA expression of key receptors and neuronal growth and development, changes that were consistent with the electrophysiological and morphological changes. These findings demonstrate the lasting sequelae of perinatal fentanyl exposure on sensory processing and function.Significance Statement This is the first study to show that exposure to fentanyl in the womb results in behavioral, circuitry, and synaptic effects that last at least to adolescence. We also show, for the first time, that this exposure has different, lasting effects on synapses in different cortical areas. ER -