PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kondat, Taly AU - Tik, Niv AU - Sharon, Haggai AU - Tavor, Ido AU - Censor, Nitzan TI - Distinct Neural Plasticity Enhancing Visual Perception AID - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0301-24.2024 DP - 2024 Sep 04 TA - The Journal of Neuroscience PG - e0301242024 VI - 44 IP - 36 4099 - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/44/36/e0301242024.short 4100 - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/44/36/e0301242024.full SO - J. Neurosci.2024 Sep 04; 44 AB - The developed human brain shows remarkable plasticity following perceptual learning, resulting in improved visual sensitivity. However, such improvements commonly require extensive stimuli exposure. Here we show that efficiently enhancing visual perception with minimal stimuli exposure recruits distinct neural mechanisms relative to standard repetition-based learning. Participants (n = 20, 12 women, 8 men) encoded a visual discrimination task, followed by brief memory reactivations of only five trials each performed on separate days, demonstrating improvements comparable with standard repetition-based learning (n = 20, 12 women, 8 men). Reactivation-induced learning engaged increased bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) activity relative to repetition-based learning. Complementary evidence for differential learning processes was further provided by temporal–parietal resting functional connectivity changes, which correlated with behavioral improvements. The results suggest that efficiently enhancing visual perception with minimal stimuli exposure recruits distinct neural processes, engaging higher-order control and attentional resources while leading to similar perceptual gains. These unique brain mechanisms underlying improved perceptual learning efficiency may have important implications for daily life and in clinical conditions requiring relearning following brain damage.