TNF-α (IU/ml)-like activity in the plasma of saline-, turpentine-, or LPS-treated rats
| Time (hr) | Saline (i.m.) | Turpentine (i.m.) | LPS (i.v.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 153 ± 45 | 243 ± 45 | 302 ± 102 |
| 1 | 239 ± 62 | 298 ± 91 | 21,324 ± 8345 |
| 2 | – | 213 ± 60 | 6125 ± 1021 |
| 3 | 319 ± 71 | 193 ± 35 | 939 ± 129 |
| 4 | – | 300 ± 89 | – |
| 5 | 267 ± 32 | 218 ± 56 | – |
| 6 | – | 312 ± 82 | – |
| 7 | 299 ± 76 | 278 ± 56 | – |
Rats were injected with either 50 μl/100 gm of either saline or turpentine (i.m.) or 5 μg/kg LPS (i.v.). n = 3–5 per experimental group. i.m., Intramuscular; i.v., intravenous.