Table 3.

Average current thresholds and frequencies for evoked movements in M1 of control and amputated squirrel monkeys

Orofacial cortexForelimb cortexTrunk cortexHindlimb cortex
sh/sh-stump,non-sh,nonlimbhip/hip-stump,nonhip,tail
Normal control
 Case 98-62
  Threshold (μA)13.611.4  9.912.014.9(11.8)
  Frequency (%)38.7 72.04.014.7 91.23.0
 Case 98-63
  Threshold (μA)12.815.0 13.314.817.7(18.9)
  Frequency (%)34.8 71.07.225.0 82.510.0
 Average of cases 98-62 and 98-63
  Threshold (μA)13.213.2 11.613.416.3(15.4)
  Frequency (%)36.8 71.55.619.9 86.96.5
Forelimb amputee
 Case 98-61
  M1 contralateral to intact limb
   Threshold (μA)12.113.8 10.714.217.1
   Frequency (%)41.6 67.45.6
  M1 contralateral to amputated limb
   Threshold (μA)10.329.926.517.4
   Frequency (%)80.0 032.6
 Case 98-64
  M1 contralateral to intact limb
   Threshold (μA)13.815.3 13.516.016.7
   Frequency (%)41.4 66.76.9
  M1 contralateral to amputated limb
   Threshold (μA)14.528.848.717.6
   Frequency (%)86.5 022.5
Hindlimb amputee
 Case 97-127
  Threshold (μA)(12.9)17.2(40.7)
  Frequency (%)70.8 031.3
  • Within each main body representation of M1, movements can be further subcategorized. In the control and normal cortex, movements from shoulder (sh), arm and hand (non-sh), as well as trunk and face (nonlimb) make up the forelimb cortex. Similarly, movements from hip, leg, and foot (nonhip), as well as tail make up the hindlimb cortex. In contrast, the deefferented cortex produced movements of the shoulder and stump (sh-stump) as well as nonlimb movements in the forelimb amputees or hip and stump (hip-stump) as well as tail movements in the hindlimb amputee. The average threshold and the frequency are shown for each subcategory of movement in forelimb and hindlimb cortex except when the subcategorization is not shown and, instead, the average threshold for the main body representation is given in parentheses. Note that because some sites elicited more than one type of movement, the sum of the frequencies can be >100%.