Table 1.

Stress protocols of acute and repeated restraint treatments

TreatmentLesionsNStress protocol
No. 20 min restraint sessions (room temperature)No. 2.5 hr cold restraints
AcuteSham101 (day 15)1 (day 15)
Left7""
Right7""
Bilateral7""
RepeatedSham75 (days 11–15)"
Left7""
Right7""
Bilateral7""
  • It can be seen that although the acute groups received a single 20 min restraint, repeated groups received the same stress on five occasions. All animals were exposed to a single cold restraint stress at the completion of testing on the 15th postsurgical day.