Table 3.

Local modification of MT dynamics by pipette application induces growth cone turning

Chemicals in pipette	Chemicals in bath	Pipette distance (μm)	Culture types	Turning angle (degree)^3-150	Extension (μm)^3-150	Turning scores (%)^3-a			Number of cells examined
Chemicals in pipette	Chemicals in bath	Pipette distance (μm)	Culture types	Turning angle (degree)^3-150	Extension (μm)^3-150	+	0	−	Number of cells examined
1% DMSO	None	50	6 hr	−1.3 ± 2.5	14.0 ± 1.1	37	26	37	30
0.5 μm taxol	None	50	6 hr	3.8 ± 3.0	14.2 ± 1.1	52	16	32	25
5 μm taxol	None	50	6 hr	11.0 ± 2.2^3-160	17.3 ± 1.8	80	8	12	25
50 μm taxol	None	50	6 hr	11.0 ± 3.2^3-160	15.2 ± 1.5	62	21	17	24
5 μm taxol	20 nm cytochalasin D	50	6 hr	−0.1 ± 4.4	12.8 ± 1.4	41	24	35	17
5 μm taxol	100 pg/ml toxin B	50	6 hr	0.5 ± 3.1	8.8 ± 3.5^3-160	44	22	34	18
10 μm nocodazole	None	50	6 hr	−0.7 ± 2.7	12.3 ± 0.8	28	34	38	29
100 μm nocodazole	None	50	6 hr	−11.4 ± 3.0^3-160	10.4 ± 0.9^3-160	14	25	61	36

↵F3-150 Values represent mean ± SEM.
↵F3-160 Significantly different from the control groups (p < 0.05; Kolmogorov–Smirnov test).
↵F3-a Growth cone turning responses were scored as follows: +, growth cones showing positive turning toward the pipette (turning angle ≥5°); 0, growth cones showing no turning (turning angle <5°); −, growth cones turning away (turning angle ≤−5°).