Social/emotional function and neuropsychological data as a function of patient (VMPC group) or group (VMPC, BDC)
| Patient | Acquired sociopathy a | Regulation defect b | IQ | WMI | WCST Cat. | WCST PE | TMT B − A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes (3) | Yes (3) | 143 | 124 | 6 | 4 | 37 |
| 2 | Yes (3) | Yes (3) | 108 | 118 | 6 | 7 | 82 |
| 3 | Yes (3) | Yes (3) | 91 | 102 | 6 | 8 | 71 |
| 4 | Yes (3) | Yes (3) | 104 | 105 | 6 | 10 | 27 |
| 5 | Yes (3) | Yes (2) | 106 | 124 | 6 | 9 | 13 |
| 6 | Yes (2) | Yes (2) | 109 | 102 | 6 | 7 | 21 |
| 7 | Yes (3) | Yes (3) | 84 | 88 | 0 | 66 | 126 |
| VMPC mean | Yes (2.9) | Yes (2.7) | 106.4 | 109.0 | 5.1 | 15.9 | 53.9 |
| (SD) | (0.4) | (0.5) | (18.7) | (13.5) | (2.3) | (22.2) | (40.9) |
| BDC mean | No (0) | No (0) | 99.8 | 97.9 | 4.0 | 16.4 | 52.4 |
| (SD) | (15.3) | (14.2) | (2.4) | (13.3) | (39.0) |
The numbers in parentheses denote degree of severity, where 1 is mild, 2 is moderate, and 3 is severe. All BDC patients were normal on these measures. IQ, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) Full Scale IQ; WMI, Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III) Working Memory Index. For the WAIS-III and WMS-III, scores are standard scores, where the mean is 100 and the SD is 15. WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Cat., number of categories completed; PE, number of perseverative errors); TMT, Trailmaking Test (B — A, Part B minus Part A times to completion, in seconds; higher scores are worse). Underlined scores are defective. One VMPC patient (7) had significant defects on most of the executive functioning measures; the other six were nearly flawless across the board, and as a group, the VMPC patients did not differ from the BDC patients on any of the measures reported here (p values > 0.10 in t test). Additional neuropsychological data are provided in the supplemental material (available at www.jneurosci.org).
↵ aAcquired sociopathy refers to whether the participant met criteria for acquired sociopathy.
↵ bRegulation defect refers to whether the participant evinces poorly modulated emotional reactions (lability, irritability, tantrums, outbursts). The ratings for acquired sociopathy and regulation defect were derived from Iowa Rating Scales of Personality Change and from interviews and medical records.