Table 2.

The percentage of time spent in different stages of the sleep–waking cycle during consecutive 1 h periods corresponding to predrug aCSF perfusion (baseline) and chemical treatments of the MnPN

Statel-Glutamate (1 mm) (n = 21)Bicuculline (50 µm) (n = 18)Muscimol (50 µm) (n = 15)Muscimol (20 µm) (n = 5)
BaselineTreatmentBaselineTreatmentBaselineTreatmentBaselineTreatment
Active waking55.5 ± 1.647.1 ± 2.0*50.1 ± 3.140.4 ± 2.6**17.2 ± 1.391.2 ± 3.7***19.0 ± 1.425.2 ± 2.9*
Quiet waking14.0 ± 0.616.7 ± 0.8**14.9 ± 1.017.9 ± 1.0*11.2 ± 0.85.1 ± 1.9***13.4 ± 1.916.8 ± 1.9
NREM sleep25.5 ± 1.630.2 ± 1.8**30.9 ± 3.036.0 ± 2.560.3 ± 1.62.3 ± 1.6***56.6 ± 3.546.4 ± 5.0*
REM sleep5.0 ± 0.56.0 ± 0.44.1 ± 0.65.7 ± 0.611.3 ± 0.70.7 ± 0.5***11.0 ± 1.011.6 ± 1.4

  • ↵*p < 0.05,

  • ↵**p < 0.01, and

  • ↵***p < 0.001, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA.