Table 1.

fMRI results across subjects

Regions	L/R	x	y	z	Z	No. voxels	Corrected p value
Gain > loss
OFC/rostral ACC	R	6	38	−8	4.67	876	<0.001
		6	50	13	4.29
		9	38	−17	4.22
Striatum	L	−12	11	22	4.53	680	<0.001
		−24	−10	13	3.99
Striatum	R	24	11	1	4.18
Posterior insula	R	30	−22	19	4.29	157	0.008
		36	−34	16	3.79
		39	−19	16	3.75
Loss > gain		Nil
Accept > reject
Caudate	R	15	17	10	5.65	288	<0.001
		0	−1	16	4.02
		6	−13	25	3.86
Inferior parietal lobule	R	51	−34	49	4.62	1539	<0.001
		45	−43	46	4.39
Precuneus		21	−73	43	4.06
Superior medial gyrus	R	9	32	40	4.15	1226	<0.001
		24	14	46	4.00
Superior medial gyrus	L	3	38	31	4.15
Reject > accept		Nil
Interaction (gain > loss, reject > accept)
Pre-SMA	R	9	20	61	4.21	285	0.003
		−3	29	52	3.62
		0	32	43	3.58
Anterior insula/IFG	R	30	26	−8	4.02	97	0.025
		27	20	−20	3.39
		39	20	−11	3.38
Interaction (gain > loss, accept > reject)		Nil
Variance (positive correlation)
ITG/MTG	R	48	−61	−8	4.59	155	<0.001
		54	−55	−2	4.41
Posterior parietal	R	39	−82	22	4.48	316	<0.001
Superior parietal/precuneus		15	−70	55	4.25
		33	−64	34	4.12
Variance (negative correlation)
Cerebellum	L/R	−6	−76	−17	4.84	732	<0.001
		−9	−79	−26	4.61
		6	−73	−23	4.24

This table shows all activity surviving cluster-level correction across the whole brain (p < 0.05, FWE corrected; threshold of p < 0.005 used to define the clusters) for contrasts involving the following: valence (gain vs loss), choice (accept vs reject), interaction of choice and valence, positive and negative correlations with variance, positive and negative correlations with expected value, and interaction of variance in gains versus losses. For each cluster is shown the following: the three constituent peaks (>8 mm apart) with the highest Z-scores, the number of voxels at p < 0.005 (uncorrected), and the p value of the cluster after FWE correction across the whole brain. The striatal activity for gains > losses included both ventral and dorsal striatum bilaterally (details in Results). No regions surviving whole-brain correction correlated with EV, although activity in OFC positively correlating with EV survived small-volume correction (details in Results). Also, in addition to the whole-brain-corrected results: left anterior insula showed the same interaction (gain > loss, reject > accept, x = −27 y = 20 z = −11; no. voxels, 69) as right anterior insula, which was again driven by increased activity when accepting the lottery with losses; and on the left, this also led to activity for loss > gain (x = −33 y = 20 z = −5; Z = 4.13; no. voxels, 51).