Peak of activations elicited by our three predetermined independent whole-brain contrasts of interest (i.e., motivational states)
| Region | Cluster (no. of voxels) | Peak voxel (x, y, z) | Z value (df = 23) | p < (uncorrected) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response to punishment outcome | ||||
| R hypothalamus | 22 | 6, −6., −12 | 3.54 | 0.000 |
| L hypothalamus | 20 | −6, −6, −9 | 3.49 | 0.000 |
| Midbrain | 18 | 0, −13, −21 | 2.36 | 0.009 |
| R insula | 12 | 41, −19, 24 | 3.19 | 0.001 |
| R amygdala | 6 | 25, −3, −27 | 3.18 | 0.001 |
| R inferior temporal gyrus | 10 | 47, 3, −42 | 2.86 | 0.002 |
| L fusiform gyrus | 10 | −28, −53, −12 | 2.83 | 0.002 |
| R anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24) | 12 | 0, 25, 9 | 2.74 | 0.003 |
| R temporal pole (STG) | 7 | 44, 9, −21 | 2.72 | 0.003 |
| L precuneus | 10 | 6, −63, 30 | 2.62 | 0.004 |
| R posterior cingulated cortex | 7 | 13, −6, 30 | 2.52 | 0.006 |
| L parahippocampal gyrus | 11 | −28, −34, −12 | 2.51 | 0.006 |
| L superior temporal gyrus | 6 | −47, −16, −6 | 2.47 | 0.007 |
| R pons | 6 | 6, −19, −27 | 2.46 | 0.007 |
| L cerebellum | 21 | −6, −41, −18 | 2.44 | 0.007 |
| R cerebellum | 9 | 13, −31, −21 | 2.37 | 0.009 |
| L temporal pole (STG, BA 38) | 12 | −50, 6, −15 | 2.13 | 0.017 |
| R sgACC (BA25) | 8 | 3, 26, −4 | 2.06 | 0.02 |
| L anterior cingulated cortex (BA 32) | 6 | −9, 47, −3 | 1.96 | 0.025 |
| Response to reward outcome | ||||
| R inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44) | 55 | 59, 9, 18 | 4.1 | 0.000 |
| R supra marginal gyrus | 16 | 63, −22, 30 | 3.91 | 0.000 |
| L inferior parietal lobule (BA40) | 6 | −53, −53, 48 | 3.89 | 0.000 |
| L precentral gyrus (BA 6) | 28 | −63, −13, 36 | 3.87 | 0.000 |
| L putamen | 6 | −31, −16, −3 | 3.79 | 0.000 |
| L SMA | 28 | 0, 0, 66 | 3.69 | 0.000 |
| L NAcc | 61 | −16, 16, −3 | 3.64 | 0.000 |
| R lingual gyrus | 8 | 9, −78, 0 | 3.58 | 0.000 |
| R insula | 11 | 41, −3, 9 | 3.52 | 0.000 |
| L insula | 8 | −34, −3, −3 | 3.50 | 0.000 |
| R cerebellum | 11 | 28, −66, −30 | 3.49 | 0.000 |
| L thalamus | 9 | −16, −19, 9 | 3.49 | 0.000 |
| R precuneus | 7 | 9, −59, 54 | 3.44 | 0.000 |
| R caudate nucleus | 9 | 16, 19, 6 | 3.39 | 0.000 |
| L caudate nucleus | 6 | −22, 0, 21 | 3.36 | 0.000 |
| R NAcc | 28 | 9, 16, −3 | 3.35 | 0.000 |
| R middle occipital gyrus | 6 | 41, −81, 0 | 3.27 | 0.001 |
| R precentral gyrus | 7 | 74, −13, 51 | 3.23 | 0.001 |
| L precuneus (BA 7) | 14 | −19, −56, 39 | 3.23 | 0.001 |
| L middle frontal gyrus (BA 8) | 9 | −34, 22, 36 | 3.23 | 0.001 |
| R dorsomedial PFC (BA 10) | 8 | 22, 56, 15 | 3.13 | 0.001 |
| Response to goal-conflict | ||||
| L inferior frontal gyrus | 350 | −47, 19, 24 | 5.09 | 0.000 |
| L hippocampus | 40 | −22, −34, −6 | 4.79 | 0.000 |
| L occipital inferior and middle gyri (BA 17, 18) | 707 | −16, −91, −15 | 4.79 | 0.000 |
| L occipital inferior gyrus (BA 17) | 180 | 13, −97, −3 | 4.73 | 0.000 |
| R inferior frontal gyrus | 125 | 41, 22, 27 | 4.34 | 0.000 |
| R ventromedial PFC (BA 11) | 7 | 19, 38, −9 | 3.95 | 0.000 |
| L ventromedial PFC (BA 11) | 40 | 19, 38, −9 | 3.93 | 0.000 |
| L SMA (BA 8) | 36 | −13, 16, 48 | 3.8 | 0.000 |
| R fusiform gyrus | 5 | 38, −63, −15 | 3.78 | 0.000 |
| R middle frontal gyrus | 5 | 31, 16, 57 | 3.74 | 0.000 |
| R caudate nucleus | 29 | 13, 16, 12 | 3.62 | 0.000 |
| L caudate nucleus | 64 | −13, 22, 6 | 3.57 | 0.000 |
| L posterior cingulated cortex (BA 23) | 27 | −3, −34, 24 | 3.53 | 0.000 |
| L precuneus (BA 7) | 9 | −9, −72, −51 | 3.42 | 0.000 |
| R precuneus (BA 7) | 9 | 19, −66, 24 | 3.34 | 0.000 |
| R superior frontal gyrus (BA 10) | 9 | 19, 64, 3 | 3.63 | 0.001 |
| L anterior cingulated cortex (BA 33) | 5 | −3, 13, 27 | 3.15 | 0.001 |
| R hippocampus | 4 | 38, −28, −15 | 3.04 | 0.001 |
| R posterior cingulated cortex (BA 23) | 6 | 6, −34, 24 | 3.03 | 0.001 |
| R superior parietal lobule | 7 | 28, −63, 57 | 2.96 | 0.002 |
| R SMA | 5 | 13, 19, 45 | 2.86 | 0.002 |
Localization is based on Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) criteria. Estimated level of activation is described by Z score and P values. Minimal p = 0.05, uncorrected, random effect, minimum cluster size 135 mm3 (i.e., 5 voxels). L, Left; R, right; BA, Brodmann area; SMA, supplementary motor area; STG, stomatogastric ganglion. n = 24.