Table 1.

Neural anticipation of gains and bidirectional responses

Cluster size (number of voxels)HemisphereAnatomical regionMNIT scoreCluster p value
xyz
Anticipation of gains
    301RPutamen188−63.750.02
RCaudate nucleus181823.28
RPallidum22−6−64.93
    1204LMiddle frontal gyrus−2836184.16<0.001
LSuperior frontal gyrus, orbital part−1854−43.76
LMiddle frontal gyrus, orbital part−3046−83.62
    362RSuperior frontal gyrus, orbital part1852−124.610.01
RMiddle frontal gyrus, orbital part3044−103.01
    434RSuperior frontal gyrus2250243.380.006
    1026LPosterior cingulate cortex−6−42184.51<0.001
RPosterior cingulate cortex6−4283.90
    1238RCuneus18−58383.97<0.001
RPrecuneus16−60363.90
    404RThalamus (temporal)6−644.370.007
LThalamus (prefrontal)−12−10−23.44
Bidirectional response: activation for gains, deactivation for losses, correlation with loss aversion
    265LPutamen/caudate nucleus*−1618−24.30<0.001
LPutamen−181044.05
LCaudate nucleus−1414104.01
LPutamen−248−44.00
LInsula lobe−282063.79
LPutamen−221803.59
    269LMiddle cingulate cortex*−428324.44<0.001
LSMA−416464.09
LSuperior medial gyrus−228383.85
RSuperior medial gyrus1024423.82
RMiddle cingulate cortex426323.66
LSuperior frontal gyrus−1228383.57
LAnterior cingulate cortex−632263.51
  • Asterisks indicate the regions whose bidirectional response is depicted in Figure 2.