Table 4.

Group comparisons for the low- and high-MaternalEd groups on reading and cognitive measuresa

Low-MaternalEdHigh-MaternalEdFSignificance (two-tailed)Effect size (η2)
IQMean, 96.36; SD, 8.76Mean, 100.09; SD, 8.523.0710.0840.005
TOSWRFMean, 97.12; SD, 11.50Mean, 103.06; SD, 11.294.4820.038*0.065
TOWREMean, 92.03; SD, 12.56Mean, 99.00; SD, 10.535.9650.017*0.085
Basic ReadingMean, 95.21; SD, 7.39Mean, 100.97; SD, 9.237.8300.007*0.109
SpellingMean, 103.06; SD, 7.84Mean, 106.67; SD, 10.092.6300.1100.04
Working Memory
    Numbers ReversedMean, 95.82; SD, 11.38Mean, 99.27; SD, 10.791.6010.2100.024
    Auditory Working MemoryMean, 100.55; SD, 9.71Mean, 106.76; SD, 10.476.2440.015*0.090
  • aTests are reported as age-normed standard scores with 100 corresponding to 50th percentile.

  • *p < 0.05.