Table 1.

Summary of fMRI activity estimates for primary comparisons

Region	Hemisphere	Volume (mm³)	x	y	z	Brodmann area
Passive > Active binding during the Refresh phase: Location₁ → Context₂
Medial prefrontal gyrus		1502	0	69	22	10
Supramarginal gyrus	Left	1316	−62	−55	25	40
Medial prefrontal gyrus	Right	746	2	60	47	9
Precuneus	Left	729	−12	−54	34	31
Medial prefrontal gyrus	Left	537	−3	61	17	10
Middle temporal gyrus	Left	456	−67	−47	3	22
Inferior temporal gyrus	Left	280	−56	−8	−24	20
Hippocampus^*	Left	68	−22	−13	−20
Passive > Active maintenance during the Refresh phase: Location₁ → Context₁
Precuneus	Left	2558	−9	−52	32	31
Supramarginal gyrus	Left	2163	−64	−54	24	40
Medial prefrontal gyrus		1414	0	69	16	10
Middle temporal gyrus	Left	594	−67	−44	3	22
Cerebellum	Right	550	27	−72	−49
Superior frontal gyrus	Right	368	18	31	61	6
Superior frontal gyrus	Right	354	21	67	29	10
Superior frontal gyrus	Left	290	−16	36	63	8
Active > Passive binding during the Recognition phase: Location₂ → Context₁
Superior frontal gyrus	Left	483	−9	1	77	6
Middle frontal gyrus	Left	452	−33	41	49	8
Cerebellum	Left	415	−37	−42	−39
Superior frontal gyrus	Left	395	−24	52	21	10
Superior frontal gyrus	Right	378	20	9	73	6
Hippocampus^*	Left	57	−22	−15	−16
Active > Passive location-memory dominance shift during the Refresh phase (all contexts)
Declive/lingual gyrus		9356	0	−86	−22
Superior frontal gyrus	Left	1823	−1	7	57	6
Precuneus	Left	1772	−9	−83	53	7
Superior frontal gyrus	Left	1455	−31	−7	70	6
Superior frontal gyrus	Right	1168	30	−10	72	6
Precentral gyrus	Left	1107	−42	1	37	6
Inferior frontal gyrus	Left	962	−30	28	7	45
Precuneus	Right	891	14	−80	57	7
Precuneus	Right	351	18	−63	21	31
Precuneus	Right	273	32	−84	43	19
Parahippocampal gyrus^*	Left	125	−34	−37	−18
Parahippocampal gyrus^*	Right	71	33	−27	−25

↵A combined voxelwise and spatial-extent threshold was used to guard against multiple comparisons. The voxelwise threshold was p < 0.001, and the spatial-extent threshold was 268 mm³ for exploratory whole-brain comparisons (p < 0.01 corrected combined threshold) and 51 mm³ for targeted analysis of MTL regions denoted by *. No suprathreshold clusters were observed in the following contrast: Active > Passive location-memory dominance during the Recognition phase: Location₂ ≥ Context₂.