Table 1.

Participant demographic information

Native users of ASLNative users of EnglishANOVAa
DeafHearingpDeafHearingpFp
F/M8/712/35/107/8
Age
    Mean ± SD23.4 ± 3.326.7 ± 6.9NS28.2 ± 3.825.9 ± 6.0NS2.18NS
    Range18.4–31.818.4–39.522.8–34.618.6–41.8
PIQ
    Mean ± SD112.0 ± 9.8113.2 ± 11NS113.3 ± 8.9118.4 ± 7.6NS1.44NS
    Range92–12799–12993–124106–129
TOSWRF
    Mean ± SD107.6 ± 16106.7 ± 13NS119.5 ± 11110.3 ± 17NS2.49NS
    Range89–13176–12195–13175–131
  • aOne-way ANOVA including all four groups. NS, Nonsignificant (p > 0.05).