Table 3.

Effects of group during extinction recall

Area	Side	Coordinates (mm)	K (voxels)	Z-score	p-FWE
Extinction recall: CS+E vs CS− greater in PTSD patients relative to combat controls
Amygdala^*	L	−27, −12, −9	1	2.74	0.127
Amygdala^*	R	30, 3, −27	1	2.80	0.132
Hippocampus^*	L	−24, −36, 6	1	2.61	0.318
Hippocampus^*	R	15, −36, −9	3	2.81	0.281
Insula^*	L	−33, 18, −3	28	3.31	0.089
Insula^*	R	36, 27, −3	44	3.85	0.047
vmPFC^*			0
Postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)	R	51, −18, 33	727	4.09	0.001
Parietal lobe	R	45, −21, 39		3.82
Parietal lobe	L	−48, −33, 36	236	3.81	0.018
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/midcingulate	L	−3, 18, 30	280	3.68	0.008
Putamen/pallidum	R	18, 6, 3		3.65
Caudate	R	9, 3, 15		3.43
Extinction recall: CS+E greater in combat controls relative to PTSD patients
Amygdala^*	L		0
Amygdala^*	R		0
Hippocampus^*	L		0
Hippocampus^*	R	33, −12, −36	10	3.61	0.178
Insula^*	L		0
Insula^*	R	48, −6, −6	5	3.00	0.213
vmPFC^*		3, 57, 3	94	3.40	0.048
mPFC	R	6, 60, 6	622	4.48	<0.001
Lingual gyrus	R	3, −78, −12	403	3.66	0.001
Extinction recall: CS+E greater in PTSD relative to combat controls
Amygdala^*	L	−24, −12, −6	1	2.81	0.127
Amygdala^*	R	27, 0, −27	5	2.77	0.096
Hippocampus^*	L		0
Hippocampus^*	R		0
Insula^*	L	−24, 18, 6	1	2.64	0.351
Insula^*	R	45, −6, 0	24	3.48	0.098
vmPFC^*			0
Middle temporal gyrus	R	60, 3, −12	643	3.98	<0.001
Precentral gyrus	R	66, −9, 27		3.69
Superior temporal gyrus	R	60, −18, 3		3.61

Response to CS+E is also compared between groups, demonstrating enhanced vmPFC activity in combat controls relative to the PTSD patients. No significant group effects existed for CS− alone. All activation FWE p < 0.05, bold denotes peak global maxima within a cluster.
↵*Indicates SVC.