Table 4.

Brain activity pertaining to fear renewal in combat control subjects

Area	Side	Coordinates (mm)	K (voxels)	Z-score	p-FWE
Fear renewal: CS+E vs CS− in combat control participants
Amygdala^*	L		0
Amygdala^*	R		0
Hippocampus^*	L		0
Hippocampus^*	R		0
Insula^*	L	−39, 12, −3	229	4.09	0.003
Insula^*	R	39, 3, −3	220	3.95	0.003
vmPFC^*	R		0
Parietal lobe	L	−63, −54, 27	183	4.17	0.033
Parietal lobe	R	63, −51, 27	197	3.67	0.023
Fear renewal: response to renewed CS+ in combat controls relative to PTSD patients
Amygdala^*	L	−21, −6, −25	29	3.56	0.038
Amygdala^*	R	24, 0, −27	15	3.25	0.057
Hippocampus^*	L	−21, 3, −27	10	3.09	0.166
Hippocampus^*	R	18, 6, −27	30	3.19	0.098
Insula^*	L	−30, 12, −18	14	3.22	0.153
Insula^*	R		0
vmPFC^*	R	−9, 51, −15	26	3.48	0.017
Parietal lobe/precuneus		0, −60, 45	394	3.71	0.022
Occipital lobe/cuneus	R	6, −84, 33		3.63
Fear renewal: response to CS− in combat controls relative to PTSD patients
Amygdala^*	L		0
Amygdala^*			0
Hippocampus^*	L	−24, −24, −9	57	3.60	0.013
Hippocampus^*	R	24, −18, −27	24	2.87	0.170
Insula^*	L		0
Insula^*	R		0
vmPFC^*			0
Cerebellum	L	−27, −54, −27	307	3.50	0.022
Occipital lobe/fusiform gyrus		−27, −63, −15		3.30

No effects of renewal (CS+ vs CS−) were found in PTSD patients, or when analyzing across all participants. Combat controls displayed enhanced activity in the vmPFC and amygdala to the CS+ and hippocampal activation to the CS−, relative to PTSD patients. In contrast, PTSD patients did not display any significant activation to CS+ or CS− relative to Combat Controls, signaling a reduced capacity for context to induce a renewal response. All activation FWE p < 0.05, bold denotes peak global maxima within a cluster.
↵*Indicates SVC.