Area | Left, right, bilateral | cluster | Peak (T) | MNI coordinates (mm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size | p(FWE) | x | y | z | |||
A, Experiment 1 | |||||||
Positive correlation | |||||||
Rostromedial PFC | Bilateral | 172 | 0.004 | 5.4 | −9 | 56 | 13 |
Temporal pole | Right | 106 | 0.027 | 5.1 | 33 | 17 | −26 |
Temporal lobe/posterior insula/vmPFC/striatum | Left | 1898 | <0.001 | 8.2 | −54 | −4 | −2 |
Hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus | Right | 94 | 0.040 | 5.9 | 27 | −19 | −23 |
Temporal lobe/posterior insula | Right | 714 | <0.001 | 7.0 | 66 | −22 | 13 |
Cuneus | Bilateral | 164 | 0.005 | 7.5 | −3 | −85 | 28 |
B, Experiment 2 | |||||||
Positive correlation | |||||||
Rostromedial PFC/ventral anterior cingulate cortex/striatum | Bilateral | 676 | <0.001 | 8.9 | 0 | 17 | −5 |
Temporal lobe/insula | Right | 999 | <0.001 | 7.2 | −39 | 5 | −17 |
Temporoparietal junction | Right | 89 | 0.023 | 5.6 | 60 | −58 | 16 |
Negative correlation | |||||||
MFG | Right | 84 | 0.028 | 6.4 | 45 | 35 | 19 |
Precentral gyrus/posterior MFG | Left | 101 | 0.014 | 5.4 | −51 | 5 | 40 |
Precentral gyrus/posterior MFG | Right | 150 | 0.002 | 4.9 | 27 | −1 | 46 |
Inferior parietal sulcus | Right | 423 | <0.001 | 6.8 | 36 | −46 | 46 |
Inferior parietal sulcus/occipital lobe | Left | 667 | <0.001 | 6.9 | −27 | −73 | 31 |
C, Conjunction analysis | |||||||
Positive correlation (strict maska) | |||||||
Rostromedial PFC | Bilateral | 108 | 0.031 | 4.8 | −12 | 56 | 16 |
Anterior temporal lobe/posterior insula | Left | 520 | <0.001 | 5.9 | −57 | −1 | −2 |
The brain area, laterality of hemisphere, cluster size, cluster p value, peak T value, and peak coordinate of the fMRI results for the neural correlates of the cost prediction error at the time of problem presentation obtained by using GLM1. Methods for analyses and statistical thresholds are described in Materials and Methods and Results.
↵aA binary mask consisting of common voxels at cluster-level FWE corrected p < 0.05 and voxel-level uncorrected p < 0.001.