Some molecules implicated in stress-related remodeling in hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex
| General class | Molecule | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Secreted signaling molecules | BDNF | Facilitates plasticity or growth Floor and ceiling effects | Chen et al., 2006; Govindarajan et al., 2006; Bath et al., 2013 |
| FGF2 | Facilitates neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in development and adulthood | Perez et al., 2009 ; Turner et al, 2012 | |
| t-PA | Mediates stress-induced spine loss in CA1 hippocampus and medial amygdala t-PA release regulated by CRF | Pawlak et al., 2003, 2005; Matys et al., 2004; Bennur et al., 2007 | |
| Lipocalin-2 secreted protein | Induced by acute stress Lipocalin-2 knockout increases neuronal excitability and anxiety. | Mucha et al., 2011; Skrzypiec et al., 2013 | |
| Endocannabinoids | Induced via glucocorticoids Regulate emotionality, HPA habituation and turn off Buffer against stress induced remodeling | Hill and McEwen, 2010; Hill et al., 2010, 2013; Gunduz-Cinar et al., 2013 | |
| CRF after t-PA | Stimulates rPA release; mediates plasticity of spine synapses | Matys et al., 2004; Regev and Baram, 2014 | |
| Cell surface and nucleo–cytoplasmic interactions | PSA-NCAM | Cell surface “anti-stickiness” Endonuclease N removes PSA from NCAM; dendrite expansion Facilitate plasticity but also limits it | Sandi, 2004; Rutishauser, 2008; McCall et al., 2013; Nacher et al., 2013 |
| Cell adhesion molecules | Chronic stress disrupts neuroligin–neurexin interaction Chronic stress reduces nectin-3 via MMP9 protease | van der Kooij et al., 2014a,b | |
| NUP62 | Reduction leads to dendrite shrinkage Possibly due to nuclear-cytoplasmic communication | Kinoshita et al., 2014 |
t-PA, Tissue plasminogen activator; PSA-NCAM, polysialic acid linked to neural cell adhesion molecule; rPA, raphe pallidus.