Table 1.

Overview of canine participants detailing demographic data, husbandry, and experimental information

Variable typeVariableGroup 1Group 2Group 3Group 4
Demographic data1. Species, common nameDogDogDogDog
1. Species, Latin nameCanis familiarisCanis familiarisCanis familiarisCanis familiaris
1. Sample size46103
1. Sex of individualsMale (n = 4)Female (n = 6)Male (n = 4), female (n = 6)Female (n = 5)
1. Age (mean ± SD)4.5 ± 0.55.7 ± 0.4710.4 ± 0.492 (±0)
1. NamesJack, Rocky, Buzz, AxelGinny, Mocha, Caramel, Butterscotch, Molly, DottieSiris, Wanda, Nomad, Cashew, Quick, Streak, Jane, Zest, Lucy, MaggieFaraday, Flair, Tilly
1. BreedMedium to large mixed breedBeagle crossbreedAlaskan sled dogsBeagles
1. Inclusion criteriaMesaticephalic skull conformation, neurologically and clinically healthy
Husbandry1. Source of animalsBowman LabBoesch LabVaika FoundationClinical Sciences Teaching Animals
1. Housing of animalsCornell Center for Animal Resources and EducationCornell Aging Canine FacilityCARE
1. Enrichment providedKenneling with outdoor or indoor runs allowing for supervised play in compatible groups
1. End point for animalsReturned to original lab protocol after MRI procedure. Groups 1, 2, and 4 have been subsequently adopted out to families for a home life. Group 3 is being monitored to a natural end of life.
Experimental details1. Experimental outcome measuresDiffusion tensor imaging and T1-weighted 3D MRI sequences
1. Procedure/experiment typeMRI of the brain 3T GE Discovery MRI unit
1. Justification of protocolLimited research has gone into understanding the structure and function of the normal canine brain
1. Termination criteriaIf any animal showed signs of pain or distress during the procedure while awake or demonstrated signs of clinical deterioration during anesthesia, they were immediately terminated from the study.
1. Criteria for assent of animal to participateAny animal that demonstrates obvious distress because of any experimental procedure will be removed from the study
1. Ethics approval referenceIACUC Protocol No. 2015-0115
  • CARE, Cornell Center for Animals Resources and Education.