Table 3.

Pharmacological compounds, cKO, and effects

Drug Name	Expected site of action	Expected action	Expected action on S1P signaling	Effect on NFkB reporter in MG	Effect of MAPK signaling in MG	Effect on neuronal differentiation (Ascl1-OE)	Effect on cell death (INL/GCL)	References for actions and specificity
Sphingosine-1 phosphate	S1pr1/3	Activator	↑	↑	↔	N/I	N/I	Alvarez et al. (2010b)
SEW2871	S1pr1	Activator	↑	↑	↑	N/I	N/I	Hale et al. (2004); Sanna et al. (2004)
CYM5442	S1pr1	Activator	↑	↑	N/I	N/I	N/I	Gonzalez-Cabrera et al. (2008); Janes et al. (2014)
Amiselimod (MT1303)	S1pr1	Inhibitor	↓	↓	↔	NI	↔	Shimano et al. (2019)
NIBR0213	S1pr1	Inhibitor	↓	↓	N/I	N/I	↓ / ↓	Huwiler et al. (2000); Quancard et al. (2012)
Fingolimod (FTY720)	S1pr1	Activate then downregulate receptor	↓	N/I	N/I	N/I	↔/ ↓	Brinkmann et al. (2010); Chun et al. (2021b)
TY 52156	S1pr3	Inhibitor	↓	N/I	N/I	N/I	N/I	Murakami et al. (2010); Hirata et al. (2014)
VPC 23019	S1pr1/3	Inhibitor	↓	N/I	N/I	↑ combined with PF543	N/I	Davis et al. (2005); Aoki et al. (2007); Mihovilovic et al. (2007)
PF-543	Sphk1	Inhibitor	↓	↓	↔	↑ combined with VPC23019	↓ / ↓	Schnute et al. (2012, 2017)
S1PL-in-31	Sgpl1	Inhibitor	↑	↑	N/I	N/I	↑ / ↔	Weiler et al. (2014); Harris et al. (2016)
PGJ2	IkB Kinase (IKK)	Inhibitor	↑ increased levels of S1pr1	↓	N/I	N/I	↓ / ↓	Straus et al. (2000); Palazzo et al. (2022b)
cKO S1pr1	S1pr1	cKO from MG	↓	N/I	N/I	N/I	↓ / ↔
cKO Sphk1	Sphk1	cKO from MG	↓	N/I	N/I	N/I	↓ / ↓