Regular ArticleDifferential Effects of Anterior and Posterior Insular Cortex Lesions on the Acquisition of Conditioned Taste Aversion and Spatial Learning
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2021, NeuropharmacologyCatecholaminergic stimulation restores high-sucrose diet-induced hippocampal dysfunction
2021, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In each trial, the animal had to find the location of a hidden platform (15 cm × 15 cm, 1.5 cm below water) in a circular pool of 1.40 m of diameter filled with water at 21 ± 1 °C. We followed the protocol with some modifications reported previously (Nerad et al., 1996). Briefly, we placed the animal in 9 different release points inside the pool and it was allowed to swim for a maximum of 40 s to find the hidden platform; once the animal climbed on top of the platform the latency of arrival was logged and the rat remained there for 20 s, afterwards it was removed and kindly placed in a resting cage with drying cloths for 10 s.
The posterior insular cortex is necessary for the consolidation of tone fear conditioning
2021, Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryCitation Excerpt :It is of note, however, that the manipulated region in these studies comprised the more rostral area of the IC, which was not included in the present study. However, pre-training lesions of an area that corresponds to the aIC in our study are known to affect memory performance in tasks that require encoding of spatial or contextual components, such as the spatial version of the Morris water maze (Nerad et al., 1996) and the inhibitory avoidance task (Bermudez-Rattoni & McGaugh, 1991; but see Dunn & Everitt, 1988). The lack of effect in CFC with post-training inactivation of the aIC in the present study may suggest that this IC subregion is only involved in foreground contextual fear conditioning or when the aversive stimulus is intense.
Artificial taste avoidance memory induced by coactivation of NMDA and β-adrenergic receptors in the amygdala
2019, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Therefore, we suggest that emulation of US amygdalar events is necessary to initiate the molecular pathways involved in modifications of the amygdala-insular network and the coactivation of NMDA and β-adrenergic receptors during the post-learning period facilitates the taste avoidance memory consolidation through protein synthesis-dependent mechanisms. Although unspecific modifications between the amygdala and different brain structures could be induced by our pharmacological manipulations, we focused on the response in the IC considering that taste aversion memory involves the functional integrity of this structure [42–46]; it is also possible that the communication of the amygdala-insular cortex had been modified affecting the trace of the taste in a way that an avoidance response is displayed in a second encounter. The amygdala has afferents to the IC [47,48] and receives feedback information from the insula [49].
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This research was supported by a scholarship given by CONACYT to L.N., by Facultad de Psicologı́a U.N.A.M for support given to V.R.A., and by DGAPA-UNAM IN201983. We acknowledge the technical assistance of Oreste Carbajal and Federico Jandete and give thanks to Yolanda Dı́az de Castro for preparing the manuscript. Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to F. Bermúdez-Rattoni, Instituto de Fisiologı́a Celular, UNAM, Apartado postal 70-253, 04510 México, D.F., México. Fax: (525)-622-5607. E-mail: [email protected].