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Development and Engineering of Dopamine Neurons pp 15–35Cite as

Dopamine Systems in the Forebrain

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 651))

Abstract

The brain contains a number of distinct regions that share expression of dopamine (DA) and its requisite biosynthetic machinery, but otherwise encompass a diverse array of features and functions. Across the vertebrate family, the olfactory bulb (OB) contains the major DA system in the forebrain. OB DA cells are primarily periglomerular interneurons that define the glomerular structures in which they receive innervation from olfactory receptor neurons as well as mitral and tufted cells, the primary OB output neurons. The OB DA cells are necessary for both discrimination and the dynamic range over which odorant sensory information can be detected. In the embryo, OB DA neurons are derived from the ventricular area of the evaginating telencephalon, the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence and the septum. However, most OB DA interneurons are generated postnatally and continue to be produced throughout adult life from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and rostral migratory stream. Adult born OB DA neurons are capable of integrating into existing circuits and do not appear to degenerate in Parkinson’s disease. Several genes have been identified that regulate the differentiation of OB DA interneurons from neural stem cells. These include transcription factors that modify the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the first enzyme in the DA biosynthetic pathway and a reliable marker of the DA phenotype. Elucidation of the molecular genetic pathways of OB DA differentiation may advance the development of strategies to treat neurological disease.

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  1. Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, New York, 10606, USA

    John W. Cave & Harriet Baker

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  1. Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    R. Jeroen Pasterkamp PhD , Marten P. Smidt PhD  & J. Peter H. Burbach PhD ,  & 

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Cave, J.W., Baker, H. (2009). Dopamine Systems in the Forebrain. In: Pasterkamp, R.J., Smidt, M.P., Burbach, J.P.H. (eds) Development and Engineering of Dopamine Neurons. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 651. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0322-8_2

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