Abstract
We recently coined the phrase ‘psychobiotics’ to describe an emerging class of probiotics of relevance to psychiatry [Dinan et al., Biol Psychiatry 2013;74(10):720–726]. Such “mind-altering” probiotics may act via their ability to produce various biologically active compounds, such as peptides and mediators normally associated with mammalian neurotransmission. Several molecules with neuroactive functions such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, catecholamines and acetylcholine have been reported to be microbially-derived, many of which have been isolated from bacteria within the human gut. Secreted neurotransmitters from bacteria in the intestinal lumen may induce epithelial cells to release molecules that in turn modulate neural signalling within the enteric nervous system and consequently signal brain function and behaviour of the host. Consequently, neurochemical containing/producing probiotic bacteria may be viewed as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds and as such, probiotic bacteria may possibly have the potential as a therapeutic strategy in the prevention and/or treatment of certain neurological and neurophysiological conditions.
Keywords
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Conjugate Linoleic Acid
- Short Chain Fatty Acid
- Enteric Nervous System
- Probiotic Bacterium
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Learn about institutional subscriptionsAbbreviations
- 5-HT:
-
5-Hydroxytryptamine
- AA:
-
Arachidonic acid
- ASD:
-
Autism spectrum disorders
- CLA:
-
Conjugated linoleic acid
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- DHA:
-
Docosahexaenoic acid
- GABA:
-
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
- GAD:
-
Glutamate decarboxylase
- GF:
-
Germ-free
- GIT:
-
Gastrointestinal tract
- IPA:
-
Indole-3-propionic acid
- LAB:
-
Lactic acid bacteria
- LC-PUFA:
-
Long-chain fatty acid
- PPAR γ:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- SCFA:
-
Short chain fatty acid
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
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This work was supported by the Science Foundation of Ireland—funded Centre for Science, Engineering and Technology, the Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre.
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Wall, R., Cryan, J.F., Ross, R.P., Fitzgerald, G.F., Dinan, T.G., Stanton, C. (2014). Bacterial Neuroactive Compounds Produced by Psychobiotics. In: Lyte, M., Cryan, J. (eds) Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 817. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_10
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